Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with acute kidney injury, by outcome
| Characteristics | AKI (n = 1172) | Survivors (n = 871) | Non-survivors (n = 301) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 742 (63.3) | 548 (62.9) | 194 (64.5) | 0.677 |
| Age (yr) | 67 (54–78) | 64 (52–77) | 74 (60–82) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | ||||
| APACHE II score | 17 (12–23) | 15 (11–21) | 23 (17–29) | <0.001 |
| SAPS II score | 40 (31–52) | 37 (28–47) | 52 (41–64) | <0.001 |
| SOFA score | 7 (5–10) | 7 (4–10) | 9 (7–12) | <0.001 |
| Vasoactive therapy | 576 (49.1) | 419 (48.1) | 157 (52.2) | 0.229 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 818 (69.8) | 614 (70.5) | 204 (67.8) | 0.383 |
| Baseline creatinine (μmol/L) | 84.9 (73.0–97.0) | 84.0 (72.1–97.0) | 86.9 (75.0–97.8) | 0.78 |
| Sepsis | 512 (43.7) | 309 (35.5) | 203 (67.4) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid diseases | ||||
| Cancer | 164 (14.0) | 112 (12.9) | 52 (17.2) | 0.067 |
| Hypertension | 523 (44.6) | 379 (43.5) | 144 (47.8) | 0.202 |
| Cardiovascular | 274 (23.4) | 177 (20.3) | 97 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 111 (9.5) | 79 (9.1) | 32 (10.6) | 0.493 |
| Diabetes | 240 (20.5) | 173 (19.9) | 67 (22.2) | 0.407 |
| Category of ICU admission diagnosis | ||||
| Respiratory | 208 (17.7) | 125 (14.4) | 83 (27.6) | <0.001 |
| Neurologic | 178 (15.2) | 134 (15.4) | 44 (14.6) | 0.781 |
| Postsurgery | 556 (47.4) | 443 (50.8) | 113 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 233 (19.9) | 170 (19.5) | 63 (20.9) | 0.615 |
| ICU course | ||||
| Cumulative fluid balance in 3 days (L) | 1.40 (−0.49 to 3.54) | 0.93 (−0.80 to 2.93) | 2.77 (0.86–5.01) | <0.001 |
| Oliguria | 96 (8.2) | 46 (5.3) | 50 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| Use of diuretics (%) | 872 (74.4) | 635 (72.9) | 237 (78.7) | 0.047 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| AKI stage | ||||
| 1 | 496 (42.3) | 424 (48.7) | 72 (23.9) | |
| 2 | 289 (24.7) | 215 (24.7) | 74 (24.6) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 387 (33.0) | 232 (26.6) | 155 (51.5) | |
| RRT | 222 (18.9) | 125 (14.4) | 97 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 7 (5–14) | 7 (4–13) | 8 (6–14) | 0.001 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (percent)
AKI acute kidney injury, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, RRT renal replacement therapy