Table 2.
Summary of findings table for educational interventions
| Education compared to control for improving adherence to cardiovascular disease guidelines | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient or population: patients with improving adherence to cardiovascular disease guidelines | ||||||
| Settings: | ||||||
| Intervention: Education | ||||||
| Comparison: control | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risksa (95 % CI) | Relative effect | No of participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
| Assumed risk control | Corresponding risk Education | (95 % CI) | (studies) | (GRADE) | ||
| Mortality | Study population | OR 0.54 | 2190 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊝ | ||
| Follow-up: median 6 months | 40 per 1000 | 22 per 1000 | (0.2 to 1.42) | (3 studies) | moderatec | |
| (8 to 56) | ||||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 26 per 1000 | 14 per 1000 | |||||
| (5 to 37)b | ||||||
| Disease Targets | The mean disease targets in the intervention groups was0.32 standard deviations lower | 2145 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | SMD −0.32 (−0.71 to 0.07) | ||
| Follow-up: 3–6 months | (6 studies) | very lowc,e,f | ||||
| (0.71 lower to 0.07 higher) | ||||||
| Adherence | The mean adherence in the intervention groups was 0.58 standard deviations higher | 322 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊕ | SMD 0.58 (0.35 to 0.8) | ||
| Follow-up: 6–24 months | (4 studies) | high | ||||
| (0.35 to 0.8 higher) | ||||||
| Mortality | Study population | OR 0.48 | 355 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝⊝ | ||
| Follow-up: 7 months - 10 years | 182 per 1000 | 96 per 1000 | (0.11 to 1.98) | (4 studies) | lowg | |
| (24 to 306) | ||||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 146 per 1000 | 76 per 1000 | |||||
| (18 to 253)b | ||||||
| Hospitalizations | Study population | OR 0.88 | 979 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊕ | ||
| Follow-up: 7–22 months | 188 per 1000 | 170 per 1000 | (0.54 to 1.41) | (4 studies) | high | |
| (111 to 246) | ||||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 191 per 1000 | 172 per 1000 | |||||
| (113 to 250)b | ||||||
| Disease Targets | The mean disease targets in the intervention groups was 0.09 standard deviations lower | 2732 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝⊝ | SMD −0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07) | ||
| Follow-up: 7–27 months | (5 studies) | lowf,h | ||||
| (0.24 lower to 0.07 higher) | ||||||
| Adherence | Study population | OR 1.05 | 6019 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝⊝ | ||
| Follow-up: 7–27 months | 609 per 1000 | 620 per 1000 | (0.82 to 1.34) | (8 studies) | lowc,i | |
| (561 to 676) | ||||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 236 per 1000 | 245 per 1000 | |||||
| (202 to 293)b | ||||||
| Adherence | Study population | OR 2.36 | 2145 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
| Follow-up: median 6 months | 288 per 1000 | 489 per 1000 | (0.86 to 6.51) | (5 studies) | very lowc,j,k | |
| (258 to 725) | ||||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 326 per 1000 | 533 per 1000 | |||||
| (294 to 759)b | ||||||
aThe basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95 % confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95 % CI)
CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate
bAssumed Risk is based on the default calculation within GRADEpro (mean control group risk, and median control group risk)
cAssessment based on three studies thus precision cannot be accurately determined
dSeveral included studies had 3 or more high risk of bias assessments
eStatistical heterogeneity I2 = 94 %
fDisease targets are an indirect estimate of patient important outcomes
gStatistical heterogeneity I2 = 70 %
hStatistical heterogeneity I2 = 41 %
iStatistical heterogeneity I2 = 60 %
jStatistical heterogeneity I2 = 95 %
kOverall estimate has large range for 95 % confidence interval