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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Proteomics. 2015 Jul 17;128:58–68. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.005

Figure 1. The effects of saliva and SGE on macrophages.

Figure 1

Red lines represent inhibition, green lines enhancement. Tick saliva inhibits production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, IFN-γ, NO, superoxide, and CCL5, as well as expression of sTNFRI and phagocytosis. Tick saliva increases production of IL-4, IL-10, and PGE2 and macrophage migration. Tick SGE inhibits production of IL-12p40, TNF, IFN-γ, and NO, expression of CD40, CD69, CD80, and CD86, and phagocytosis.