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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Proteomics. 2015 Jul 17;128:58–68. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.005

Figure 2. The effects of saliva on dendritic cells.

Figure 2

Red lines represent inhibition, green lines enhancement. Tick saliva inhibits production of IL-6, IL-12, TNF, IFN-β, and RANTES cytokines. It also inhibits expression of CCR5 and CCR7, DC migration, proliferation, maturation, and phagocytosis, and STAT-1, PI3K/Akt, Erk1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The saliva induces Th2 polarization while suppressing Th1 and Th17 differentiation.