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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Proteomics. 2015 Jul 17;128:58–68. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.005

Figure 4. The effects of saliva and SGE on B and T lymphocytes.

Figure 4

Red lines represent inhibition, green lines enhancement. Tick saliva inhibits T cell proliferation, CD69 expression, and production of IL-2, IL-12, TNF, and IFN-γ by lymphocytes. In contrast, it increases production of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. Tick SGE has the same effects as tick saliva and, furthermore, suppresses LFA-1 and VLA-4 expression, proliferation of B cells, and total Ig and IgA production.