Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information
| Schizophrenia patients (n = 64) | Healthy controls (n = 64) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 38.8 ± 13.3 | 35.3 ± 11.0 | 0.11 |
| Gender (Male:female) | 50:14 | 45:19 | 0.32 |
| Racea | 2:2:4:1:55 | 2:0:5:0:57 | 0.63 |
| Marital statusb | 7:8:47:2 | 17:9:38:0 | 8.9e‐3 |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Highest level of educationc | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 1.6e‐3 |
| Parental education levelc(primary/secondary caretaker) | 4.2 ± 2.0/4.5 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 1.9/4.9 ± 2.3 | 0.25/0.39 |
| Highest level of occupationd | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 1.4e‐6 |
| Parental occupation leveld(primary/secondary caretaker) | 4.3 ± 1.7/4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.5/3.9 ± 1.8 | 0.03/0.25 |
| Family psychosis historye | 16 (25%) | 1 (1.6%) | 6.6e‐5 |
| Psychiatric onset agef | 22.0 ± 8.4 | ||
| WTAR IQg | 99.4 ± 16.4 | 109.8 ± 12.8 | 2.0e‐4 |
| WASI Sum IQh | 98.0 ± 17.4 | 111.2 ± 11.8 | 5.8e‐6 |
| MATRICS composite scorei | 30.9 ± 13.6 | 50.4 ± 8.3 | 1.9e‐14 |
| PANSSj | |||
| Positive | 15.0 ± 4.6 | ||
| Negative | 14.6 ± 4.6 | ||
| General | 29.7 ± 8.3 |
Race: American Indian (or Alaska native): Asian: black (or African American): native Hawaiian (or other pacific islander): white.
Marital status: married: divorced: single: separated.
Highest level of education/parental education level ‐ ‘1’ grade 6 or less, ‘2’ grade 7 ‐ 12 (without graduating high school), ‘3’ graduated high school or high school equivalent, ‘4’ part college, ‘5’ graduated 2 yr college, ‘6’ graduated 4 yr college, ‘7’ part graduate/professional school, ‘8’ completed graduate/professional.
Highest level of occupation/parental occupation level ‐ ‘1’ higher executives, proprietors of large concerns, and major professionals, ‘2’ business managers, proprietors of medium‐sized business, and lesser professionals, ‘3’ administrative personnel, small independent businesses, and minor professionals, ‘4’ clerical and sales workers, technicians, owners of small businesses and minor professionals, ‘5’ skilled manual employees, ‘6’ machine operators and semi‐skilled employees, ‘7’ unskilled employees.
Family psychosis history: having first degree relative with psychosis.
Psychiatric onset age: age at first diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
WTAR: Wechsler test of adult reading.
WASI: Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence.
MATRICS: ‘Measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia’ consensus cognitive battery.
PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale.