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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cancer Educ. 2016 Jun;31(2):338–347. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0819-y

Table 2. Addiction and Quitting Beliefs (n=306)a.

Intentions Feelings of Risk Worry Self-Efficacy

Variables Entered β p R2
(F-Change,
Sig. F-
Change)
β p R2
(F-Change,
Sig. F-
Change)
β p R2
(F-Change,
Sig. F-
Change)
β p R2
(F-Change,
Sig. F-
Change)
Step 1
Demographic and Smoking Characteristicsb
0.05
(F = 2.47, p=0.024)
0.09
(F = 4.65, p=0.000)
0.22
(F = 14.31, p=0.000)
0.09
(F = 4.78, p=0.000)
School -0.06 0.36 -0.02 0.69 0.06 0.26 -0.02 0.78
Experimental condition
 A vs C 0.04 0.53 -0.10 0.11 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.62
 B vs C 0.06 0.41 0.01 0.90 0.03 0.57 0.00 0.94
Gender 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.03 0.65
Race -0.03 0.62 -0.03 0.60 -0.18 0.001 0.03 0.61
Number of cigarettes -0.15 0.01 0.17 0.003 0.40 0.00 -0.29 0.000

Step 2
Addiction Beliefs
0.08
(F = 1.31, p=0.24)
0.15
(F = 2.91, p=0.004)
0.24
(F = 0.56, p=0.81)
0.20
(F=4.89, p=0.000)
Covariates were included in each step of the analysis but are not shown here for clarity of presentation.
Amount to addiction 0.06 0.35 0.08 0.15 0.07 0.22 0.06 0.28
Can avoid addiction -0.06 0.33 0.01 0.86 0.00 0.98 -0.07 0.28
Judgment 0.05 0.44 -0.05 0.43 0.01 0.90 0.04 0.44
Determinism1 (never addicted) -0.05 0.46 -0.13 0.03 0.04 0.44 0.11 0.07
Determinism2 (unavoidable) -0.05 0.38 -0.16 0.01 -0.07 0.22 0.06 0.33
Agentic1 (control addiction) -0.02 0.76 -0.02 0.77 0.02 0.68 0.18 0.00
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) 0.13 0.05 0.05 0.42 -0.04 0.45 0.16 0.01
Agentic3 (willpower) 0.02 0.71 0.02 0.77 0.02 0.75 0.04 0.53

Step 3
Worry
0.09
(F = 3.69, p=0.06)
Amount to addiction 0.05 0.42
Can avoid addiction -0.06 0.32
Judgment 0.05 0.44
Determinism1 (never addicted) -0.05 0.41
Determinism2 (unavoidable) -0.05 0.45
Agentic1 (control addiction) -0.02 0.72
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) 0.13 0.04
Agentic3 (willpower) 0.02 0.74
Worry 0.12 0.06

Step 4
Feelings of Risk
0.11
(F = 6.15, p=0.014)
Amount to addiction 0.04 0.51
Can avoid addiction -0.07 0.31
Judgment 0.06 0.36
Determinism1 (never addicted) -0.03 0.68
Determinism2 (unavoidable) -0.02 0.69
Agentic1 (control addiction) -0.02 0.78
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) 0.12 0.06
Agentic3 (willpower) 0.02 0.75
Worry 0.04 0.56
Feelings of risk 0.17 0.01

Step 5
Self-Efficacy
0.12
(F = 2.81, p=0.10)
Amount to addiction 0.03 0.61
Can avoid addiction -0.06 0.36
Judgment 0.05 0.40
Determinism1 (never addicted) -0.04 0.56
Determinism2 (unavoidable) -0.03 0.66
Agentic1 (control addiction) -0.04 0.56
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) 0.10 0.12
Agentic3 (willpower) 0.02 0.81
Worry 0.06 0.42
Feelings of risk 0.18 0.01
Self-efficacy 0.11 0.10
a

Includes only the 306 participants who provided complete data.

b

Experimental condition A = There is a genetic link to nicotine addiction; Condition B = There is not a genetic link; Condition C = Attention control. Gender: 1 = Men, 2 = Women. Race: 1 = Non-white, 2 = White. Number of cigarettes: 1 = less than 1 per day; 2 = 1 or more per day.