Table 2. Addiction and Quitting Beliefs (n=306)a.
Intentions | Feelings of Risk | Worry | Self-Efficacy | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
Variables Entered | β | p | R2 (F-Change, Sig. F- Change) |
β | p | R2 (F-Change, Sig. F- Change) |
β | p | R2 (F-Change, Sig. F- Change) |
β | p | R2 (F-Change, Sig. F- Change) |
Step 1 Demographic and Smoking Characteristicsb |
0.05 (F = 2.47, p=0.024) |
0.09 (F = 4.65, p=0.000) |
0.22 (F = 14.31, p=0.000) |
0.09 (F = 4.78, p=0.000) |
||||||||
School | -0.06 | 0.36 | -0.02 | 0.69 | 0.06 | 0.26 | -0.02 | 0.78 | ||||
Experimental condition | ||||||||||||
A vs C | 0.04 | 0.53 | -0.10 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.62 | ||||
B vs C | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 0.94 | ||||
Gender | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.65 | ||||
Race | -0.03 | 0.62 | -0.03 | 0.60 | -0.18 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.61 | ||||
Number of cigarettes | -0.15 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.003 | 0.40 | 0.00 | -0.29 | 0.000 | ||||
| ||||||||||||
Step 2 Addiction Beliefs |
0.08 (F = 1.31, p=0.24) |
0.15 (F = 2.91, p=0.004) |
0.24 (F = 0.56, p=0.81) |
0.20 (F=4.89, p=0.000) |
||||||||
Covariates were included in each step of the analysis but are not shown here for clarity of presentation. | ||||||||||||
Amount to addiction | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.28 | ||||
Can avoid addiction | -0.06 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.98 | -0.07 | 0.28 | ||||
Judgment | 0.05 | 0.44 | -0.05 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.04 | 0.44 | ||||
Determinism1 (never addicted) | -0.05 | 0.46 | -0.13 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.11 | 0.07 | ||||
Determinism2 (unavoidable) | -0.05 | 0.38 | -0.16 | 0.01 | -0.07 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.33 | ||||
Agentic1 (control addiction) | -0.02 | 0.76 | -0.02 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.18 | 0.00 | ||||
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.42 | -0.04 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.01 | ||||
Agentic3 (willpower) | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 0.04 | 0.53 | ||||
| ||||||||||||
Step 3 Worry |
0.09 (F = 3.69, p=0.06) |
|||||||||||
Amount to addiction | 0.05 | 0.42 | ||||||||||
Can avoid addiction | -0.06 | 0.32 | ||||||||||
Judgment | 0.05 | 0.44 | ||||||||||
Determinism1 (never addicted) | -0.05 | 0.41 | ||||||||||
Determinism2 (unavoidable) | -0.05 | 0.45 | ||||||||||
Agentic1 (control addiction) | -0.02 | 0.72 | ||||||||||
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) | 0.13 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
Agentic3 (willpower) | 0.02 | 0.74 | ||||||||||
Worry | 0.12 | 0.06 | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Step 4 Feelings of Risk |
0.11 (F = 6.15, p=0.014) |
|||||||||||
Amount to addiction | 0.04 | 0.51 | ||||||||||
Can avoid addiction | -0.07 | 0.31 | ||||||||||
Judgment | 0.06 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
Determinism1 (never addicted) | -0.03 | 0.68 | ||||||||||
Determinism2 (unavoidable) | -0.02 | 0.69 | ||||||||||
Agentic1 (control addiction) | -0.02 | 0.78 | ||||||||||
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) | 0.12 | 0.06 | ||||||||||
Agentic3 (willpower) | 0.02 | 0.75 | ||||||||||
Worry | 0.04 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
Feelings of risk | 0.17 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Step 5 Self-Efficacy |
0.12 (F = 2.81, p=0.10) |
|||||||||||
Amount to addiction | 0.03 | 0.61 | ||||||||||
Can avoid addiction | -0.06 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
Judgment | 0.05 | 0.40 | ||||||||||
Determinism1 (never addicted) | -0.04 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
Determinism2 (unavoidable) | -0.03 | 0.66 | ||||||||||
Agentic1 (control addiction) | -0.04 | 0.56 | ||||||||||
Agentic2 (quit if really want to) | 0.10 | 0.12 | ||||||||||
Agentic3 (willpower) | 0.02 | 0.81 | ||||||||||
Worry | 0.06 | 0.42 | ||||||||||
Feelings of risk | 0.18 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Self-efficacy | 0.11 | 0.10 |
Includes only the 306 participants who provided complete data.
Experimental condition A = There is a genetic link to nicotine addiction; Condition B = There is not a genetic link; Condition C = Attention control. Gender: 1 = Men, 2 = Women. Race: 1 = Non-white, 2 = White. Number of cigarettes: 1 = less than 1 per day; 2 = 1 or more per day.