Table 4. Study inference.

Study inference	Explanation	Articles with community participation (n = 260)
Probability	Controlled (cluster randomized) trials	7% (19/260)
Plausibility	Concurrent, non-randomized cluster trials	12% (32/260)
Adequacy	Before-after or time-series in program recipients only	16% (41/260)
Explanatory	Can be mixed methods, quantitative or qualitative; focus on how a strategy led to effects on outcome	54% (140/260)
Exploratory	Can be mixed methods, quantitative or qualitative; focus on descriptions and relationships	11% (28/260)