Table 2.
Results of the GLM regression of the utility decrement (log link, Gaussian family)
| Pooled | NGT | GDM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| coeff. (std.err) | coeff. (std.err) | coeff. (std.err) | ||
| GDM | Yes (positive) | 0.047 | ||
| (0.105) | ||||
| Abnormal glucose tolerance | Yes (positive) | 0.251 | 0.566* | 0.125 |
| (0.152) | (0.254) | (0.247) | ||
| Time after delivery | 2 years = ref. | |||
| 3 years | 0.461* | −0.238 | 0.475 | |
| (0.180) | (0.335) | (0.258) | ||
| 4 years | 0.182 | −0.603* | 0.200 | |
| (0.167) | (0.280) | (0.244) | ||
| 5 years | 0.063 | −0.565* | 0.088 | |
| (0.171) | (0.277) | (0.248) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Yes | −0.279** | −0.292* | −0.294 |
| (0.095) | (0.135) | (0.198) | ||
| Smoking status | Past smoker | 0.078 | 0.048 | 0.440* |
| (0.112) | (0.159) | (0.255) | ||
| Current smoker | 0.504*** | 0.415** | 0.823** | |
| (0.125) | (0.160) | (0.261) | ||
| Never sm. = ref. | ||||
| BMI classification | Norm./Underweight = ref. | |||
| Overweight | 0.159 | 0.259* | 0.168 | |
| (0.115) | (0.130) | (0.238) | ||
| Obese | 0.436*** | 0.513** | 0.341 | |
| (0.130) | (0.177) | (0.238) | ||
| Age | 0.001 | 0.013 | −0.004 | |
| (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.023) | ||
| Had subsequent miscarriages | Yes | 0.235* | −0.015 | 0.135 |
| (0.128) | (0.212) | (0.239) | ||
| Mode of delivery | SVD | −0.033 | −0.116 | −0.008 |
| (0.109) | (0.136) | (0.223) | ||
| CS = ref. | ||||
| Assisted | −0.011 | −0.023 | −0.261 | |
| (0.163) | (0.185) | (0.401) | ||
| Cohabiting status | cohabits = 1 | 0.244 | 0.535 | −0.004 |
| (0.164) | (0.301) | (0.327) | ||
| Employment status | employed = 1 | 0.021 | 0.312* | −0.129 |
| (0.102) | (0.146) | (0.187) | ||
| Income level | <20,000 = ref. | |||
| 20,000-29,999 | −0.383* | −0.492** | −0.132 | |
| (0.156) | (0.188) | (0.386) | ||
| 30,000-39,999 | −0.096 | −0.259 | 0.046 | |
| (0.158) | (0.170) | (0.466) | ||
| 40,0000-49,0000 | −0.292 | −0.749*** | 0.372 | |
| (0.158) | (0.199) | (0.380) | ||
| 50,000+ | −0.319 | −0.637** | 0.087 | |
| (0.167) | (0.203) | (0.400) | ||
| Medical card | Yes | −0.067 | −0.098 | −0.011 |
| (0.139) | (0.171) | (0.241) | ||
| Private health insurance | Yes | −0.008 | 0.003 | 0.064 |
| (0.125) | (0.146) | (0.219) | ||
| Fruit and veg. consumption | Yes | −0.157 | −0.174 | −0.650 |
| (0.261) | (0.408) | (0.413) | ||
| Exercises 30 min a day | Yes | −0.116 | −0.099 | −0.229 |
| (0.139) | (0.163) | (0.323) | ||
| Center effect | Site A = ref. | |||
| Site B | 0.153 | 0.165 | 0.237 | |
| (0.135) | (0.177) | (0.322) | ||
| Site C | −0.149 | −0.063 | −0.415* | |
| (0.140) | (0.180) | (0.250) | ||
| Site D | 0.174 | −0.078 | 0.154 | |
| (0.131) | (0.241) | (0.220) | ||
| Constant | 2.760*** | 2.773*** | 3.350** | |
| (0.571) | (0.740) | (1.037) | ||
| N | 261 | 175 | 86 | |
| Log-likelihood | −1,008.31 | −657.09 | −329.37 | |
| P-value (Log-likelihood test) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001