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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 25.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:573–621. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101225

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a multifactorial disorder. The development and course of IBD are affected by several factors, including genetic susceptibility of the host, the intestinal microbiota, other environmental factors, and the host immune system. In addition, these factors cross-regulate each other in multiple ways, as shown. IBD-associated genes are summarized by molecular pathways with genes belonging to the same pathway arranged next to each other in one line. Polymorphisms in genes specific for Crohn’s disease (CD) are shown in magenta text, whereas those specific for ulcerative colitis (UC) are shown in dark blue text. Genetic associations shared between both diseases are shown in black text. Abbreviations: HSPs, heat shock proteins; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PRR, pattern-recognition receptor; RA, retinoic acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.