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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 25.
Published in final edited form as: World Haptics Conf. 2013 Apr;2013:109–114. doi: 10.1109/WHC.2013.6548393

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Axial FBG data from needle tip compared to force data from needle base during insertion in phantom: (a) initial contact of needle and phantom, (b) piercing through the first skin layer, (c) piercing first inner membrane, (d) piercing second inner membrane, (e) hitting hard surface, (f) extraction of needle from phantom.