Fig. 4.

Light responses and synaptic inputs of VIP2-ACs. A, D, and G: representative voltage (A), EPSC (D), and IPSC (G) traces recorded during presentation of light (100% contrast, ON, left column) and dark (−100% contrast, OFF, right column) circles of increasing size (diameter noted in A) presented for 500 ms from a gray background. Traces begin at stimulus onset. B, E, and H: summary data of ON (○) and OFF (●) sensitivity profiles of VIP2-ACs for voltage (B; n = 9), excitatory (E; n = 8), and inhibitory (H; n = 7) responses. Responses of each cell were normalized to their maximum. Difference-of-Gaussian fits are shown as solid lines. C, F, and I: amplitudes of ON (open bars) and OFF (filled bars) voltage (C), excitatory (F), and inhibitory (I) responses to circles with a diameter of 150 and 600 μm. Bars (error bars) indicate means (± SE) of respective populations. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.