Table 1.
Summary of included studies, sorted by disease status and duration of intervention.
| Study reference | Disease statusc | Duration of intervention | Weight status (based on mean BMI) | Study design | Sample size N = LIPA group (total) | Age range (mean ± SD) | Baseline activity levelc | Modality of intervention | Downs and Black Score | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [56] | No | 9 mo | No data | RCT | 33 (72) | 60–81 (63.9 ± 3.9) | No data | Laboratory-based | 17 | Fair |
| [26]a | No | 24 wk | Overweight | RCT | 12 (36) | 18–45 | Sedentary | Free-living | 16 | Fair |
| [30] | No | 16 wk | Obese | RCT | 6 (25) | (52.8 ± 7.2) | Sedentary | Free-living | 19 | Fair |
| [28] | No | 16 wk | Overweight | RCT | 17 (51) | 20–50 | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 19 | Fair |
| [27] | No | 16 wk | Overweight | RCT | 17 (51) | 20–50 | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 19 | Fair |
| [29] | No | 16 wk | Overweight | RCT | 17 (51) | 20–50 | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 19 | Fair |
| [53] | No | 12 wk | No data | NRCT | 10 (26) | (25 ± 2.5) | No exercise habit | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [32] | No | 10 wk | Overweight | RCD | 39 | ≥55 | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 21 | Fair |
| [55] | No | 7 wk | No data | RCT | 9 (24) | 18–30 | Untrained | Laboratory-based | 17 | Fair |
| [35] | No | 5 d | Overweight | RCD | 23 | 35–65 (48.2 ± 7.9) | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 21 | Fair |
| [57]b | No | 4 d | Normal | RCD | 18 | (21 ± 2) | Physically inactive | Laboratory-based | 18 | Fair |
| [63]a | No | ~238 min | No data | RCD | 13 | (23.8 ± 0.9) | Physically active | Laboratory-based | 19 | Fair |
| [54]b | No | ~214.5 min | Normal | RCD | 9 | (24.0 ± 4.0) | Recreationally active | Laboratory-based | 17 | Fair |
| [49]a | No | 120 min | No data | RCD | 12 | (25.8 ± 1.2) | Regular physical activity | Laboratory-based | 14 | Low |
| [50] | No | 120 min | Normal | Case series | 22 | 18–23 | Regular structured running | Laboratory-based | 13 | Low |
| [44] | No | 120 min | No data | RCD | 6 | (25 ± 2) | Moderately trained | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [47]a | No | 90 min | Normal | RCD | 12 | (29.5 ± 6.2 male; 24.3 ± 1.4 female) | Recreationally active | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [46] | No | 90 min | No data | RCD | 12 | (28.2 ± 1.5) | Recreationally active | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [51] | No | 45 min | Normal | URCT | 22 | (23.22 ± 2.88) | Runners (<5 miles/wk) | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [37] | No | 40 min | Overweight | RCD | 12 | (46.2 ± 1.1) | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 20 | Fair |
| [45] | No | 35 min | Normal | RCD | 14 | (25.4 ± 1.8) | Endurance trained | Laboratory-based | 16 | Fair |
| [40]b | No | 28 min | Overweight | RCD | 10 | (24 ± 3) | No data | Laboratory-based | 18 | Fair |
| [38]b | No | 28 min | Obese | RCD | 19 | 45–65 | Physically inactive | Laboratory-based | 24 | High |
| [39]b | No | 28 min | Obese | RCD | 19 | 45–65 | Physically inactive | Laboratory-based | 22 | High |
| [52] | No | 15 min | Normal | RCD | 6 | 22–39 (32 ± 4) | Athletes | Laboratory-based | 15 | Low |
| [48] | No | 5 min | No data | RCD | 6 | (23.5 ± 0.9) | Sedentary | Laboratory-based | 14 | Low |
| [31] | HPN | 12 wk | Obese | RCT | 20 (40) | 45–65 | Sedentary | Free-living | 20 | Fair |
| [41] | DM2 | 12 wk | No data | RCT | 29 (59) | (60 ± 10) | No data | Laboratory-based | 14 | Low |
| [42] | CHF | 8 wk | No data | RCT | 7 (21) | (58 ± 3) | Habitually active | Laboratory-based | 16 | Fair |
| [33] | GDM | 6 wk | Obese | Case control | 10 (30) | (33.4 ± 3.3) | No data | Free-living | 16 | Fair |
| [34] | Colon Cancer | 2 wk | Overweight | RCT | 10 (23) | 59–67 | No data | Laboratory-based | 14 | Low |
| [36]a | MS | ≈103 min | Obese | RCD | 14 | (43 ± 9) | Physically inactive | Laboratory-based | 16 | Fair |
| [43] | HIV infected | 60 min | No data | RCT | 11 (38) | (42.9 ± 7.5) | Exercise-naive | Laboratory-based | 18 | Fair |
BMI: body mass index; DM2: diabetes mellitus type 2; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HPN: hypertension; LIPA: light intensity physical activity; min: minute; mo: month; MS: metabolic syndrome; NRCT: nonrandomized controlled trial; RCD: randomized cross-over design; RCT: randomized controlled trial; URCT: uncontrolled randomized clinical trial; wk: week. Physical inactivity is defined as not meeting at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity. aCompared to a control group with no prescribed activity. bCompared to a sitting group. cDisease status and baseline activity level (using the terminology of the primary study) presented were as per inclusion criteria.