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. 2015 Oct 26;6:1162. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01162

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Copyright © 2015 Oliveira, de Andrade, Grossi-de-Sá and Petrofeza.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Thickening layers of lignin in P. vulgaris stems in response to S. sclerotiorum infection. (A) Without infection. (B) 12 hpi. (C) 24 hpi. (D) 48 hpi. Bar = 500 μm. (E) Thickness of lignin layer (arrows) measured using Leica LAS EZ V3.0.0 software (Leica Application Suite, Leica Microsystems, Switzerland). (F) Relative transcript accumulation of Pvcallose gene. Expression analyses using RT-qPCR were performed and transcript levels were calculated in triplicate using a comparative method. Actin-11 gene was used as the reference gene in P. vulgaris and a health plant as the reference sample. Results are reported as means ± standard deviation of three experiments.