FIG 5 .

Inhibition of known functions of YopM does not alter neutrophil survival. Primary human neutrophils were incubated with or without bacterial inoculation and drug treatment. After 24 h, the remaining “healthy neutrophils” were assayed by flow cytometry (CD16⁺, CD66b⁺, annexin V⁻, 7-AAD/PI⁻). (A) Treatment with the RSK inhibitor BI-D1870 had no effect on the percentage of healthy neutrophils in culture for either uninoculated or wild-type Y. pestis-inoculated samples. (B) Treatment with the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK showed a significant increase in the percentage of healthy neutrophils compared to untreated samples. However, there was also still a significant difference in the percentage of healthy neutrophils remaining in uninoculated and ΔyopM mutant-inoculated samples compared to wild-type Y. pestis-inoculated samples. Results are from representative experiments performed in triplicate. Data are represented as means ± SEM. n.s., not significant. Asterisks represent statistical significance based on Tukey’s multiple comparison tests from an ordinary one-way ANOVA (***, P < 0.001).