. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 26.

Published in final edited form as: J Occup Environ Hyg. 2013;10(7):397–407. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2013.792681

TABLE III.

Gas Exchange Variables

		Bruce Light	PIP			PSP			P-values^†
			PIP			PSP			Factor 1 (2 Protocols)	Factor 2 (3 PPE)	F1^* F2
			Light	Boots	Shoes	Light	Boots	Shoes	Factor 1 (2 Protocols)	Factor 2 (3 PPE)	F1^* F2
VO_2max (mL/kg/min)	Mean	46.7	43.8	42.4^*	40.2	44.4	44.0^*	41.9^*	0.682	0.238	0.234
VO_2max (mL/kg/min)	SD	6.5	7.2	9.0	5.7	7.4	7.2	10.5
VO_2max (L/min)	Mean	3.20	2.99	2.83^*	2.82^**	3.04	2.95^*	2.85^*	0.682	0.238	0.234
VO_2max (L/min)	SD	3.81	4.02	5.34	3.86	4.29	4.31	6.20
VCO_2max (L/min)	Mean	3.89	3.28^*	3.21^***	3.21^**	3.24^**	3.45^*	3.30^*	0.809	0.754	0.308
VCO_2max (L/min)	SD	5.25	5.00	6.39	5.15	4.16	5.91	6.51
V_{E max} (L/min)	Mean	118	105	103^*	103^*	110	112	111	0.050	0.659	0.811
V_{E max} (L/min)	SD	16.7	22.5	20.2	14.8	14.4	23	15
RER_max	Mean	1.21	1.10^**	1.13^*	1.14^*	1.08^*	1.17	1.17	0.455	0.327	0.677
RER_max	SD	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.1	0.15	0.1	0.06
RER_recovery	Mean	1.47	1.32^**	1.28^**	1.28^**	1.27^a,^*	1.42^A	1.38^B	0.126	0.847	0.041
RER_recovery	SD	0.06	0.12	0.09	0.17	0.19	0.14	0.14
R_{f max} (frequency/min)	Mean	49.7	45.0	46.5	45.3	51.7	50.5	50.1	0.076	0.872	0.703
R_{f max} (frequency/min)	SD	10.6	9.9	10.2	9.3	13.8	12.5	13.1
R_{f recovery} (frequency/min)	Mean	34.6	32.7	37.2	36.7^*	36.5	39.2^*	39.2^**	0.269	0.155	0.521
R_{f recovery} (frequency/min)	SD	8.0	4.5	8.3	7.8	6.8	8.5	10.4

Notes: Light, Shoes, and Boots represent light clothing, PPE with shoes, and PPE with boots, respectively.

^{*, **, and ***}

indicate significant differences from the Bruce values at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

^{A and B}

indicate significant differences between the three PPE conditions.

^†

P-values from repeated measures ANOVA. A recovery value averaged the data of initial 5 min in the recovery session.