Table 2.
Linear regression models for contribution of measured weight to variation in the discrepancy between self-report and measured BMI by country (sexes combined)a,b
| Variable | Coefficients (SE) | β | p | Model r 2 and p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI Discrepancy (SR BMI – measured BMI) | ||||
| China (N = 13,384) | 0.043/<0.001*** | |||
| Constant | 5.423 (0.529) | <0.001 | ||
| Age | 0.009 (0.004) | 0.021 | =0.028 | |
| Sex | −0.722 (0.126) | −0.071 | <0.001 | |
| Education level: Completed less than primary | 0.241 (0.143) | 0.018 | =0.091 | |
| Completed primary | 0.143 (0.142) | 0.011 | =0.314 | |
| Completed secondary | 0.294 (0.147) | 0.024 | =0.045 | |
| Completed high school | 0.425 (0.165) | 0.029 | =0.010 | |
| Completed college/university/post-grad | 0.356 (0.231) | 0.015 | =0.124 | |
| Income | 0.485 (0.110) | 0.042 | <0.001 | |
| Total Physical Activity Level | −0.031 (0.014) | −0.020 | =0.024 | |
| Drinking: Do not currently drink | 0.082 (0.217) | 0.003 | =0.750 | |
| Occasionally | −0.092 (0.148) | −0.006 | =0.533 | |
| Moderate/heavy drinker | 0.034 (0.139) | 0.002 | =0.807 | |
| Smoking: Do not currently smoke | −0.467 (0.210) | −0.021 | =0.026 | |
| Occasionally | −0.431 (0.285) | −0.013 | =0.131 | |
| Daily | −0.015 (0.135) | −0.001 | =0.911 | |
| Self-rated health: Bad | −0.229 (0.332) | −0.017 | =0.490 | |
| Moderate | −0.041 (0.324) | −0.004 | =0.898 | |
| Good | −0.069 (0.328) | −0.006 | =0.832 | |
| Very good | −0.096 (0.383) | −0.004 | =0.803 | |
| Measured Weight | −0.095 (0.004) | −0.224 | <0.001 | |
| India (N = 4,328) | 0.015/<0.001*** | |||
| Constant | 13.074 (2.485) | <0.001 | ||
| Age | 0.035 (0.018) | 0.035 | =0.057 | |
| Sex | −0.568 (0.638) | −0.018 | =0.373 | |
| Education Level: Completed less than primary | −2.225 (0.813) | −0.045 | =0.006 | |
| Completed primary | −2.607 (0.746) | −0.060 | <0.001 | |
| Completed secondary | −3.188 (0.809) | −0.070 | <0.001 | |
| Completed high school | −3.055 (0.890) | −0.064 | =0.001 | |
| Completed college/university/post-grad | −3.437 (1.082) | −0.059 | =0.002 | |
| Income | −0.113 (0.595) | −0.004 | =0.849 | |
| Total Physical Activity Level | −0.036 (0.071) | −0.008 | =0.618 | |
| Drinking: Do not currently drink | −2.134 (1.151) | −0.029 | =0.064 | |
| Occasionally | −0.643 (0.960) | −0.011 | =0.503 | |
| Moderate/heavy drinker | −0.935 (1.138) | −0.013 | =0.412 | |
| Smoking: Do not currently smoke | −0.612 (1.298) | −0.008 | =0.637 | |
| Occasionally | −0.548 (1.524) | −0.006 | =0.719 | |
| Daily | −0.175 (0.592) | −0.005 | =0.768 | |
| Self-rated health: Bad | −1.136 (1.889) | −0.026 | =0.548 | |
| Moderate | 0.895 (1.835) | 0.028 | =0.626 | |
| Good | 0.539 (1.859) | 0.016 | =0.772 | |
| Very good | 0.700 (2.197) | 0.009 | =0.750 | |
| Measured Weight | −0.173 (0.021) | −0.139 | <0.001 | |
| Mexico (N = 718) | 0.010/=0.006** | |||
| Constant | 4.545 (2.680) | =0.090 | ||
| Age | −0.021 (0.014) | −0.068 | =0.133 | |
| Sex | −0.857 (0.405) | −0.100 | =0.035 | |
| Education Level: Completed less than primary | −0.711 (0.609) | −0.077 | =0.243 | |
| Completed primary | −0.831 (0.641) | −0.085 | =0.195 | |
| Completed secondary | −0.077 (0.740) | −0.006 | =0.917 | |
| Completed high school | −1.319 (0.988) | −0.063 | =0.182 | |
| Completed college/university/post-grad | 0.271 (0.737) | 0.023 | =0.713 | |
| Income | 0.452 (0.463) | 0.041 | =0.329 | |
| Total Physical Activity Level | −0.055 (0.044) | −0.047 | =0.218 | |
| Drinking: Do not currently drink | 0.834 (0.441) | 0.082 | =0.059 | |
| Occasionally | −0.646 (0.428) | −0.068 | =0.132 | |
| Moderate/heavy drinker | −1.386 (0.825) | −0.069 | =0.093 | |
| Smoking: Do not currently smoke | 0.235 (0.421) | 0.024 | =0.577 | |
| Occasionally | −0.082 (0.654) | −0.005 | =0.900 | |
| Daily | −0.023 (0.497) | −0.002 | =0.963 | |
| Self-rated health: Bad | −0.017 (2.232) | −0.001 | =0.994 | |
| Moderate | −0.531 (2.183) | −0.062 | =0.808 | |
| Good | −0.212 (2.185) | −0.024 | =0.923 | |
| Very good | −0.681 (2.311) | −0.032 | =0.768 | |
| Measured Weight | −0.032 (0.012) | −0.111 | =0.006 | |
| Russia (N = 3,793) | 0.042/<0.001*** | |||
| Constant | 4.223 (0.992) | <0.001 | ||
| Age | −0.004 (0.006) | −0.013 | =0.524 | |
| Sex | −0.266 (0.156) | −0.035 | =0.088 | |
| Education Level: Completed less than primary | −1.368 (0.799) | −0.045 | =0.087 | |
| Completed primary | −1.301 (0.681) | −0.089 | =0.056 | |
| Completed secondary | −1.182 (0.660) | −0.122 | =0.073 | |
| Completed high school | −1.310 (0.656) | −0.177 | =0.046 | |
| Completed college/university/post-grad | −1.326 (0.667) | −0.145 | =0.047 | |
| Income | 0.095 (0.167) | 0.010 | =0.570 | |
| Total Physical Activity Level | 0.032 (0.018) | 0.029 | =0.085 | |
| Drinking: Do not currently drink | 0.014 (0.194) | 0.001 | =0.943 | |
| Occasionally | −0.144 (0.153) | −0.019 | =0.348 | |
| Moderate/heavy drinker | −0.146 (0.282) | −0.010 | =0.604 | |
| Smoking: Do not currently smoke | −0.266 (0.208) | −0.023 | =0.202 | |
| Occasionally | 0.435 (0.449) | 0.016 | =0.333 | |
| Daily | 0.009 (0.197) | 0.001 | =0.965 | |
| Self-rated health: Bad | 1.029 (0.509) | 0.116 | =0.044 | |
| Moderate | 1.095 (0.504) | 0.145 | =0.030 | |
| Good | 0.954 (0.529) | 0.094 | =0.071 | |
| Very good | 0.566 (0.826) | 0.014 | =0.494 | |
| Measured Weight | −0.052 (0.004) | −0.209 | <0.001 | |
| South Africa (N = 790) | 0.018/<0.001*** | |||
| Constant | 3.822 (5.369) | =0.477 | ||
| Age | 0.025 (0.046) | 0.021 | =0.585 | |
| Sex | −0.686 (1.050) | −0.025 | =0.514 | |
| Education Level: Completed less than primary | 2.122 (1.653) | 0.068 | =0.200 | |
| Completed primary | 2.120 (1.722) | 0.064 | =0.219 | |
| Completed secondary | 1.967 (1.897) | 0.057 | =0.300 | |
| Completed high school | 0.468 (2.149) | 0.012 | =0.828 | |
| Completed college/university/post-grad | 2.059 (2.380) | 0.047 | =0.387 | |
| Income | −1.173 (1.144) | −0.045 | =0.306 | |
| Total Physical Activity Level | 0.170 (0.159) | 0.040 | =0.286 | |
| Drinking: Do not currently drink | 2.116 (7.832) | 0.010 | =0.787 | |
| Occasionally | 0.896 (1.490) | 0.024 | =0.548 | |
| Moderate/heavy drinker | 1.227 (1.757) | 0.028 | =0.485 | |
| Smoking: Do not currently smoke | −0.311 (1.967) | −0.006 | =0.874 | |
| Occasionally | −0.356 (2.856) | −0.005 | =0.901 | |
| Daily | −2.014 (1.374) | −0.060 | =0.143 | |
| Self-rated health: Bad | 1.244 (3.886) | 0.038 | =0.749 | |
| Moderate | 2.428 (3.802) | 0.090 | =0.523 | |
| Good | 3.014 (3.855) | 0.102 | =0.435 | |
| Very good | 5.418 (4.281) | 0.098 | =0.206 | |
| Measured Weight | −0.095 (0.025) | −0.143 | <0.001 | |
aComparisons are statistically significant at: * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001
bReference groups used in the creation of dummy codes for each categorical variable:
(i) Education levels = no formal education
(ii) Drinking levels = never consumed alcohol
(iii) Smoking levels = never used tobacco
(iv) Self-rated health = very bad