Table 4.

TBI models not using craniotomy.

Study	Sex/species/age	Model	Injuries	Interval	Anesthesia	Outcome measures
Mouzon et al. (65)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Metal CCI Closed head	Single Repeat (5)	Single (48 h)	Isoflurane	Motor; cognition; gliosis and degeneration; righting reflex; axonal damage
Yoshiyama et al. (35)	Male/Female B6D2/F1 mice, Tau Tg mice 12 months	Silicone CCI Skull-exposed	Repeat (16)	Four per day Every 20 min Once a week for 4 weeks	Isoflurane	Neuroscore; cognition; gliosis and degeneration; tauopathy
Laurer et al. (64)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Rubber CCI Skull-exposed	Single Repeat (2)	Single (24 h)	Pentobarbital	Neuroscore; motor; cardiovascular; cognition; axonal and vascular damage; cell death; tauopathy
Bolton and Saatman (56)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Silicone CCI Skull-exposed	Single Repeat (5)	Single (24 or 48 h)	Isoflurane	Cardiovascular; righting reflex; axonal damage; gliosis and degeneration; tauopathy
Shitaka et al. (49)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Rubber CCI Skull-exposed	Repeat (2)	24 h	Isoflurane	Cognition; structural integrity; gliosis and degeneration; axonal damage; electron microscopy
Klemenhagen et al. (51)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Rubber CCI Skull-exposed	Repeat (2)	24 h	Isoflurane	Fear conditioning; cognition; social recognition; depression; anhedonia; gliosis; vascular damage
Uryu et al. (33)	Male/Female B6D2/F1 mice, APP Tg mice 9–12 months	Rubber CCI Skull-exposed	Single Repeat (2)	Single (24 h)	Pentobarbital	Neuroscore; cognition; motor; vascular damage; gliosis and degeneration; tauopathy; oxidative stress
Longhi et al. (47)	Male C57BL6 mice 2–3 months	Silicone CCI Skull-exposed	Single Repeat (2)	Single (3, 5, or 7 days)	Isoflurane	Cognition; motor; righting reflex; gliosis and degeneration; axonal and cytoskeletal damage; cell death; edema
Conte et al. (34)	Female B6D2/F1 mice, APP Tg mice 9–12 months	Rubber CCI Skull-exposed	Repeat (2)	24 h	Isoflurane	Cognition; tauopathy; structural integrity; oxidative stress