TABLE 2.
Adjusted logistic regression coefficients of predictive power of demographic characteristics on IYCF practices1
| Early initiation of breastfeeding |
Exclusively breastfed (children aged 0–5 mo) |
Continued breastfeeding at 1 y (children aged 12–15 mo) |
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| Variable | Maternal construct | 2006 (n = 1009) | 2011 (n = 888) | 2006 (n = 238) | 2011(n = 220) | 2006 (n = 175) | 2011 (n = 140) |
| Maternal literacy (referent: maternal illiteracy) | Informational social support | 1.06 (0.78, 1.45) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.45) | 1.27 (0.62, 2.61) | 1.47 (0.71, 3.02) | 1.83 (0.43, 7.87) | 0.69 (0.12, 3.78) |
| Maternal exposure to media (referent: no media exposure) | Informational social support | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.78, 1.69) | 0.58 (0.22, 1.51) | 1.24 (0.54, 2.83) | 0.14 (0.01, 1.69) | 5.87 (1.05, 32.8)* |
| Decision making (referent: no participation in household decisions) | Autonomy–multiple domains | 0.71 (0.49, 1.01) | 1.39 (0.95, 2.05) | 0.79 (0.34, 1.83) | 0.84 (0.35, 2.03) | 0.62 (0.02, 3.25) | 1.22 (0.19, 7.87) |
| Adolescent mother (referent: first birth at age >16) | Reproductive decision making | 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) | 1.12 (0.81, 1.54) | 1.18 (0.58, 2.39) | 1.66 (0.78, 3.52) | 0.81 (0.21, 3.09) | 1.46 (0.33, 6.43) |
| Maternal employment (referent: no employment in last 12 mo) | Marketplace access | 0.83 (0.52, 1.34) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 0.83 (0.31, 2.26) | 0.69 (0.35, 1.38) | 6.29 (1.45, 27.2) | 0.80 (0.15, 4.21) |
| Married or living with partner (referent: single/separated/divorced/widowed) | Emotional social support | 1.64 (1.01, 2.70)* | 0.80 (0.48, 1.32) | 0.84 (0.26, 2.75) | 0.75 (0.24, 2.38) | Omitted2 | 2.51 (0.24, 26.6) |
| Beliefs about domestic violence (referent: acceptance of husband’s abuse of wife) | Physical autonomy | 1.27 (0.95, 1.71) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.52) | 1.51 (0.72, 3.18) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.72)** | 0.71 (0.19, 2.71) | 6.73 (1.40, 32.3)* |
| Travel away from home (referent: no travel away from home) | Physical autonomy | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) | 0.61 (0.32, 1.16) | 0.74 (0.37, 1.45) | 0.75 (0.23, 2.46) | 0.99 (0.23, 4.16) |
| No maternal education (referent: any education) | Education | 1.17 (0.81, 1.67) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.51) | 0.81 (0.33, 1.96) | 1.82 (0.62, 5.31) | 1.77 (0.34, 9.19) | 0.58 (0.04, 7.97) |
| Delivered in a health facility (referent: delivered at home) | Health care access | 1.34 (1.03, 1.74)* | 1.14 (0.86, 1.50) | 0.49 (0.26, 0.91)* | 0.64 (0.33, 1.26) | 1.32 (0.36, 4.91) | 0.71 (0.16, 3.05) |
| Household is in the upper 60% wealth index | Income poverty | 0.79 (0.60, 1.05) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.51) | 1.20 (0.61, 2.37) | 0.43 (0.21, 0.89)* | 1.13 (0.31, 4.21) | 0.22 (0.05, 1.05) |
Values are ORs (95% CIs). Weighted analysis includes all children 0–23 mo of age with complete anthropometric and child feeding data, n = 1009 in 2006 and n = 888 in 2011. The sample was further divided based on age restrictions of specific IYCF indicators, noted in column headings. The proportion of risk factors according to subsamples for age-restricted IYCF subsamples reflects the risk factor prevalence for the total sample. In 2006, there was a ≤7% range across age strata for the prevalence of all risk factors except travel away from home, in which 41% of mothers of children <6 mo of age traveled away from home compared with 30.6% of mothers of children aged 12–18 mo. In 2011, there was a ≤4% range across child age stratas, except in the case of maternal literacy in 2011 (43.3% in mothers of children <6 mo of age, and 34.5% in mothers of children aged 6 to <12 mo) and negative beliefs about wife beating in 2011, in which 33.3% of mothers of children <6 mo of age had negative views compared with 47% of mothers of children aged 12–18 mo. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IYCF, infant and young child feeding.
Variable omitted because it predicts outcome perfectly.