Table 2. Comparison within- and between the two training groups from baseline to 8-weeks follow-up.

Variable		Baseline	8-wk follow-up	Mean change (95% CI) from baseline to 8-wk follow-up	p-value a (within group comparison)	p-value b (between group comparison)	Effect size c (within group)	Effect size c (between group)
FAB scale d	RT	22.2 ± 4.8	24.5 ± 5.4	2.4 (0.1; 4.6)	0.04*	0.143	-0.46	-0.59
	BT	24.5 ± 4.6	24.9 ± 5.3	0.3 (-0.8; 1.5)	0.526		-0.08
Forward pull e	RT	2270.3 ± 375.1	2336.7 ± 274.0	66.4 (-138.2; 270.9)	0.311	0.769	-0.20	-0.17
	BT	1807.4 ± 351.8	1836.6 ± 360.9	29.2 (-66.4; 124.9)	0.239		-0.08
Backward pull e	RT	1882.3 ± 326.9	1782.1 ± 373.4	-100.2 (-311.5; 111.0)	0.286	0.332	0.29	0.42
	BT	1844.6 ± 411.4	1917.4 ± 362.7	72.8 (-261.4; 407.0)	0.657		-0.19
TUG (sec)	RT	11.2 ± 3.2	9.5 ± 2.4	-1.7 (-3.3; -0.1)	0.033*	0.139	0.60	0.69
	BT	9.2 ± 3.0	9.0 ± 1.8	-0.2 (-1.3; 0.9)	0.929		0.08
UPDRS total score	RT	40.2 ± 12.5	38.5 ± 12.3	-1.7 (-5.1; 1.8)	0.347	0.272	0.14	-0.38
	BT	37.7 ± 13.1	33.6 ± 12.3	-4.1 (-7.3; -0.9)	0.033*		0.32
UPDRS motor score f	RT	22.6 ± 8.8	22.2 ± 8.9	-0.4 (-2.0; 1.2)	0.568	0.911	0.04	-0.51
	BT	20.3 ± 4.9	19.4 ± 6.7	-0.9 (-3.0; 1.1)	0.821		0.49
gait velocity (cm/sec)	RT	104.3 ± 15.3	106.1 ± 15.0	1.8 (-5.2; 8.7)	0.619	0.692	-0.12	-0.14
	BT	106.9 ± 18.3	106.8 ± 17.7	-0.1 (-7.4; 7.4)	0.776		0.01
stride length (cm)	RT	80.6 ± 13.0	80.3 ± 11.7	-0.4 (-4.5; 3.7)	0.865	0.097	0.02	0.50
	BT	88.8 ± 15.7	91.5 ± 16.1	2.7 (-0.4; 5.9)	0.131		-0.17
double support time (msec)	RT	156.6 ± 31.7	156.3 ± 35.5	-0.3 (-8.4; 7.8)	0.532	0.134	0.01	0.45
	BT	149.4 ± 24.9	155.0 ± 32.1	5.6 (-2.1; 13.3)	0.11		-0.19
stride time variability (%)	RT	3.8 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 1.7	-0.1 (-0.8; 0.6)	0.334	0.413	0.07	-0.53
	BT	3.9 ± 1.8	3.0 ± 0.8	-0.9 (-2.0; 0.3)	0.182		0.65
PCI (%)	RT	6.6 ± 1.5	6.1 ± 1.8	-0.5 (-1.1; 0.1)	0.061	0.077	0.30	0.75
	BT	6.1 ± 1.4	6.9 ± 2.1	0.8 (-0.7; 2.3)	0.286		-0.45
Asymmetry Index	RT	5.1 ± 4.1	6.0 ± 4.3	0.9 (-1.1; 0.1)	0.82	0.959	-0.21	-0.22
	BT	4.9 ± 3.7	5.0 ± 5.3	0.1 (-1.6; 1.8)	0.99		-0.02
leg strength (MVC), LES (N)	RT	393.8 ± 113.5	416.9 ± 91.0	23.0 (-15.5; 61.6)	0.279	0.458	-0.22	-0.43
	BT	416.5 ± 129.6	408.8 ± 138.5	-7.7 (-53.3; 37.8)	0.925		0.06
leg strength (MVC), MAS (N)	RT	401.8 ± 130.0	399.8 ± 85.7	-2.0 (-48.2; 44.2)	0.807	0.287	0.02	0.33
	BT	407.9 ± 134.4	426.2 ± 131.6	18.3 (-4.4; 41.1)	0.133		-0.14
peak RFD, LAS (N/msec)	RT	1.5 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.8	0.1 (-0.4; 0.4)	0.753	0.223	-0.13	0.50
	BT	1.6 ± 1.0	1.8 ± 0.9	0.3 (0.0; 0.5)	0.028**		-0.21
peak RFD, MAS (N/msec)	RT	1.5 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.7	0.0 (-0.6; 0.5)	0.972	0.503	0.00	0.40
	BT	1.4 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.9	0.3 (-0.2; 0.8)	0.308		-0.37
RFD, LAS (N/msec)	RT	0.8 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.6	0.1 (-0.2; 0.5)	0.249	0.627	-0.17	0.31
	BT	0.7 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.6	0.3 (0.0; 0.5)	0.056		-0.54
RFD, MAS (N/msec)	RT	0.8 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.6	0.1 (-0.3; 0.5)	0.600	0.939	-0.15	-0.14
	BT	0.9 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.7	0.0 (-0.4; 0.4)	0.507		0.00

FAB, Fullerton Advanced Balance; TUG, Timed-Up-and-Go-Test; LAS, less affected side; MAS, more affected side; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; PCI, Phase Coordination Index; RFD, rate of force development (0-100ms); UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale

^a p-value of Wilcoxon test

^b p-value of independent samples Mann-Whitney-U-Test

^c Cohen’s d was calculated as effect size

^d blinded video rating

^e values represent the area under the curve of the normalized vector length from 0–3 sec after the surface perturbation

^f blinded video rating, without item 22 (rigidity)

RT, resistance training (n = 17); BT, balance training (n = 15)

*significant different (p<0.05)

**after Bonferroni-adjustment not significant.