TABLE 4.

Within-country evolutionary rates of influenza A virus HA genes among 14 high-priority subtypes over 12 years (2000 to 2011)

World region	Country	Within-country evolutionary rate (no. of nucleotide substitutions/site/yr × 10−3) of influenza A virus HA genea
		H1N2	H3N2	H3N6	H3N8-eq	H3N8-av	H4N6	H5N1	H5N2	H5N3	H6N1	H6N2	H6N8	H7N3	H7N7	H9N2
East Asia	China	3.54	3.53		1.43			3.91	8.88		4.22	4.57	4.37			3.13
	Hong Kong	3.69	6.24					4.42			10.3					5.16
	Japan	4.79	3.55		5.32	3.69		3.84	7.51	6.21					3.51	9.98
	Mongolia							8.22
	South Korea	3.75	3.41	5.03		1.68	3.12	10.34	7.05						6.32	6.89
	Taiwan		4.81				4.72		7.81		4.64
Southeast Asia	Cambodia		7.71					6.71
	Laos							4.85
	Myanmar							8.89
	Indonesia							4.06
	Thailand		3.31					2.32
	Vietnam		4.71					4.39
South Asia	Bangladesh		7.71					6.49
	India		4.18					8.82								5.86
	Pakistan							1.53						7.85		5.89
	Iran		7.31													2.95
West Asia	Israel							5.47								4.34
	Saudi Arabia															9.01
	Turkey							3.03
	UAE															8.78
Africa	Egypt		6.51					4.22
	Nigeria							5.48
	South Africa		7.95
Europe	France		6.32		3.38
	Germany		5.81
	Italy	6.21	3.44											4.98
	Romania							8.86
	Russia		6.22				4.59	5.99
	Sweden		6.74												10.49
	United Kingdom	4.15	4.59		2.46
North America	Canada		2.84			2.49	3.66		3.01					5.84
	United States	3.35	3.45	2.42	2.92	2.43	2.99	2.26	2.38	6.12	5.58	2.04	3.23	5.16	11.62	6.51

^aBoldface indicates significantly higher substitution rates.