Table 2.
Neuropsychological performance in NCs and patients at 5th day after stroke onset (baseline) and follow-up assessments
| NC | Stroke patients 5th day | Stroke patients 1st month | Stroke patients 6th month | Stroke patients 12th month | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE | 27.9 (1.3) | 26.6 (2.3)** | 26.3 (2.8)** | 26.9 (2.2)* | 26.4 (2.8)* |
| • Orientation | 10.0 (0.0) | 9.7 (0.6)* | 9.6 (1.0)* | 9.7 (0.7)* | 9.6 (0.8)** |
| • Memory | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.3 (0.9) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.3 (0.9) |
| • Attention | 4.4 (0.7) | 4.1 (1.1) | 4.0 (1.1) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.3) |
| • Language | 7.1 (0.7) | 6.6 (0.7)** | 6.7 (0.7)* | 6.9 (0.6) | 6.8 (0.8) |
| • Praxis | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.4) |
| IST | 34.8 (3.1) | 28.4 (5.9)*** | 28.5 (6.3)*** | 30.0 (5.7)*** | 29.4 (5.7)*** |
| IADL (4 items) | 0 (0) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.0)** | 0.5 (0.9)** | 0.7 (1.6)* |
| CERAD episodic memory | |||||
| –Immediate recall | |||||
| • I trial | 4.0 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.4)** | 4.3 (1.5) | 4.7 (1.7)~ | 4.6 (1.7)~ |
| • II trial | 6.6 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.6)*** | 5.8 (1.6)* | 6.0 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.7) |
| • III trial | 7.3 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.6)*** | 6.3 (1.9)*** | 6.3 (1.6)*** | 6.6 (1.6)*** |
| –Delayed recall | 5.3 (1.6) | 3.3 (2.2)*** | 4.4 (2.6) | 4.7 (2.2) | 5.2 (2.4) |
| –Recognition | 18.7 (1.3) | 16.6 (2.8)*** | 17.9 (2.3)~ | 18.0 (2.3) | 18.3 (2.0) |
| TMT-A | 57.3 (13.6) | 98 (46)*** | 86 (41)*** | 80 (38)** | 83 (44)** |
| TMT-B | 111.7 (27.3) | 209 (73)*** | 188 (81)*** | 174 (74)*** | 173 (77)*** |
| BNT | 14.6 (0.6) | 14.1 (1.1)~ | 14.5 (0.9) | 14.6 (0.7) | 14.6 (0.7) |
| Figure copying | 10.5 (0.7) | 10.2 (1.1) | 10.3 (1.1) | 10.2 (1.1) | 10.2 (1.0) |
| GDS | 3.4 (2.0) | 4.2 (3.2) | 4.2 (3.1) | 3.8 (3.4) | 3.8 (3.5) |
Notes: Means are given with standard deviations in parentheses. A comparison (t-test or chi-square) with control group was performed for each test in follow-up examinations.
~
P<0.09;
*
P<0.05;
**
P<0.01;
***
P<0.001. Insignificant results are with P>0.1.
Abbreviations: BNT, Boston Naming Test; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IST, Isaacs Set Test; MMSE, mini–mental state examination; NC, normal control; TMT-A, Trail Making Test, part A; TMT-B, Trail Making Test, part B.