Table 2.
Supplemental information for the 22 studies included in the systematic review
| study | definition of ‘treatment refractory schizophrenia’ |
mean (sd) years of illness ECT group /control group |
type of ECT stimulus | ECT frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diagnostic frequency criteria | number of failed drug trials | chlorpromazine equivalent dose (mg/d) | duration of illness | severity of illness | ||||
| Chanpatana1999[11] | NA | ≥2 | >750 | ≥2 years | BPRS>35 | 13.7 (5.5)/14.2 (6.4) | bilateral | 2-4/month |
| Goswami 2003[17] | DSM-IV | ≥3 | >1000 | ≥5 years | NA | 7.6/6.9 | bitemporal | NA |
| Yang 2005[27] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS>60 | 6.3 (4.3)/6.0 (4.9) | NA | 3/week |
| Ding 2007[13] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | >450 | ≥5 years | PANSS>65 | 9.7 (11.0)/9.7 (10.4) | bitemporal | 1-2/week |
| Cai 2008[10] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | >600 | NA | BPRS>50 | 1-10a | NA | 3/week |
| Braga 2009[9] | NA | NA | >250 | ≥8 weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Jiang 2009[18] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS≥60 | 12.6 (5.1)/12.4 (5.0) | NA | 2-3/week |
| Zhou 2009[31] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | >600 | ≥5 years | PANSS≥60 | 21.0 (7.8)/19.4 (9.9) | bitemporal | 2-3/week |
| Liu 2010a[21] | CCMD-3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3/week |
| Liu 2010b[22] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS≥60 | 8.3 (4.2)/8.0 (3.2) | bitemporal | 1-3/week |
| Ding 2011[14] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3/week |
| Du 2011[15] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | >1000 | ≥5 years | BPRS≥45 | 10.0 (4.0) | NA | NA |
| Duo 2011[16] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17.5 (5.6)/18.6 (4.2) | NA | 2-3/week |
| Jiang 2011[19] | CCMD-3 | ≥2 | NA | ≥2 years | PANSS≥60 | 7.5 (7.6) | NA | NA |
| Yang 2011[28] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS≥60, | 11.2 (5.2)/10.3 (4.9) | bitemporal | 2-3/week |
| Chen 2012[29] | CCMD-3 | ≥2 | >600 | ≥5 years | PANSS>60 | 16.1 (11.6)/15.8 (11.2) | NA | 2-3/week |
| Wang 2012[32] | CCMD-3 | ≥2 | >600 | ≥5 years | PANSS≥60 | 8.7 | NA | 3/week |
| Zhang 2012[30] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS>60 | NA | NA | 1-3/week |
| Chen 2013[12] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | PANSS>60 | 9.0 (1.7)/8.5 (0.9) | bitemporal | 2-3/week |
| Jiang 2013[20] | CCMD-2-R | ≥3 | NA | NA | NA | 7.9 | NA | 1-3/week |
| Wang 2013[26] | CCMD-3 | ≥3 | NA | ≥5 years | NA | 13.2 (5.2) | NA | 3/week |
| Petrides 2015[23] | DSM-IV | ≥2 | >600 | ≥2 years | BPRS; CGIb | NA | bilateral | 2-3/week |
ECT, electroconvulsive therapy
NA, data not available
BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale[36]
PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale[35]
CGI, Clinical Global Impression[44]
DSM-IV, 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders[34]
CCMD-3, 3rd edition of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders[33]
CCMD-2-R, Revised 2nd edition of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders[33]
a range (not mean) in duration of illness
b one of the four psychotic items of BPRS≥4 or total score≥12; and CGI≥4