Table 6.

Comparison of incidence of different adverse events in patients with refractory schizophrenia treated with electroconvulsive therapy and antipsychotic medications versus those treated only with antipsychotic medications

events	number of studies	participants	I2	p	statistical method (risk ratio)	effect estimate [95% C]
abnormal electrocardiogram	6	383	32%	0.20	fixed	0.83 [0.58,1.19]
abnormal electroencephalogram	2	123	85%	0.01	random	1.97 [0.31,12.65]
abnormal liver enzymes	7	448	0%	0.80	fixed	0.67 [0.34,1.34]
akathisia	4	263	0%	0.80	fixed	0.69 [0.37,1.26]
anorexia/decreased appetite	1	60	not applicable		fixed	2.00 [0.19,20.90]
blurred vision	3	203	0%	0.95	fixed	0.92 [0.37,2.26]
constipation	6	388	42%	0.13	fixed	0.52 [0.37,0.73]
decreased motor activity	2	140	71%	0.06	random	0.22 [0.02,3.10]
dizziness	5	323	51%	0.08	random	1.23 [0.56,2.70]
drowsiness	7	457	61%	0.02	random	0.71 [0.35,1.42]
dry mouth	3	203	0%	0.85	fixed	1.03 [0.49,2.18]
Extrapyramidal symptoms	3	182	0%	0.40	fixed	1.74 [0.84,3.58]
headache	8	517	7%	0.37	fixed	9.10 [3.97,20.86]
hypotension	1	60	not applicable		fixed	0.33 [0.01,7.87]
increased salivation	5	328	54%	0.07	random	0.41[0.18,0.93]
insomnia	5	322	59%	0.05	random	0.46 [0.07,3.22]
leukopenia	5	336	0%	0.49	fixed	0.31 [0.12,0.82]
memory impairment	7	577	36%	0.16	fixed	6.48 [3.54,11.87]
menstrual disorder	1	60	not applicable		fixed	1.50 [0.27,8.34]
nasal congestion	1	63	not applicable		fixed	3.09 [0.13,73.17]
nausea/vomiting	5	334	0%	0.94	fixed	2.33 [0.99,5.49]
rigidity	2	140	0%	0.65	fixed	0.69 [0.40,1.18]
tachycardia	4	268	0%	0.58	fixed	0.77 [0.50,1.21]
tremors	2	140	0%	0.82	fixed	0.77 [0.43,1.38]
weakness	3	185	0%	0.43	fixed	0.25 [0.11,0.59]
weight gain	7	468	4%	0.40	fixed	0.61 [0.43,0.87]