Table 3.
Descriptive and rm-ANOVA (pre- vs. post-EMDR) statistics of psychopathological scales are showed.
| RM–pre (n = 20) | RM–post (n = 20) | SGP–pre (n = 20) | SGP–post (n = 20) | rm-ANOVAs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ET effect | ET × G effect | Bonferroni post-hoc | |||||||
| RM–pre vs. RM–post | SGP–pre vs. SGP–post | RM–post vs. SGP–post | |||||||
| CAPS–TOT | 77.80 (17.77) | 14.20 (9.73) | 62.60 (23.99) | 24.90 (17.92) | F(1, 28) = 220.921; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 28) = 14.442; p = 0.0007 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.951 |
| CAPS–RE-EXP | 17.90 (5.53) | 3.00 (2.75) | 13.25 (9.34) | 3.55 (4.16) | F(1, 28) = 97.626; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 28) = 4.362; p = 0.046 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 1.000 |
| CAPS–AVO-NUM | 25.50 (7.32) | 5.10 (4.86) | 17.90 (8.49) | 8.10 (6.65) | F(1, 28) = 131.404; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 28) = 16.189; p < 0.0004 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 1.000 |
| CAPS–H-AROU | 15.30 (4.50) | 3.60 (2.32) | 14.35 (5.63) | 7.40 (4.80) | F(1, 28) = 90.295; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 28) = 5.857; p = 0.022 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.269 |
| CAPS–ASSOC | 7.30 (4.03) | 0.70 (1.64) | 8.00 (5.77) | 0.40 (1.05) | F(1, 28) = 50.106; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 28) = 0.249; p = 0.622 | p = 0.002 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.269 |
| IES–TOT | 41.65 (18.29) | 11.40 (11.90) | 30.70 (18.39) | 18.45 (16.08) | F(1, 38) = 72.929; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 13.082; p < 0.0009 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.008 | p = 1.000 |
| IES–INT | 20.50 (10.14) | 5.45 (5.76) | 16.45 (10.70) | 8.55 (7.58) | F(1, 38) = 73.133; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 7.098; p = 0.011 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.001 | p = 1.000 |
| IES–AVO | 21.15 (9.25) | 6.00 (6.93) | 14.25 (10.69) | 9.90 (9.41) | F(1, 38) = 44.831; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 13.752; p < 0.0007 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.248 | p = 1.000 |
| BDI–TOT | 19.40 (10.02) | 9.95 (8.70) | 13.45 (7.66) | 7.40 (6.41) | F(1, 38) = 36.963; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 1.779; p = 0.190 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.011 | p = 1.000 |
| BDI–COG | 12.50 (7.44) | 6.30 (6.05) | 8.95 (5.07) | 4.30 (4.13) | F(1, 38) = 31.201; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 0.637; p = 0.430 | p < 0.0004 | p < 0.01 | p = 1.000 |
| BDI–SOM | 6.90 (3.26) | 4.10 (3.26) | 4.50 (2.97) | 3.10 (2.49) | F(1, 38) = 15.445; p < 0.0004 | F(1, 38) = 1.716; p = 0.198 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.430 | p = 1.000 |
| SCL-90-R–GSI | 1.31 (0.52) | 0.85 (0.43) | 1.08 (0.05) | 0.98 (0.34) | F(1, 38) = 13.295; p < 0.0008 | F(1, 38) = 5.611; p = 0.023 | p < 0.0008 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| SCL-90-R–PST | 58.15 (20.30) | 42.40 (20.51) | 49.25 (25.44) | 35.75 (25.30) | F(1, 38) = 25.683; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 0.152; p = 0.699 | p < 0.003 | p = 0.012 | p = 1.000 |
| SCL-90-R–PSDI | 2.04 (0.51) | 1.55 (0.58) | 1.63 (0.42) | 1.26 (0.57) | F(1, 38) = 22.969; p < 0.0001 | F(1, 38) = 0.503; p = 0.483 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.038 | p = 0.524 |
Post-hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons is also reported. Data are mean (SD). ET, EMDR Treatment; ET × G, EMDR Treatment × Group. CAPS scores for RM group are available for only 10 subjects.
CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS–TOT, CAPS total score; CAPS–RE-EXP, CAPS re-experiencing symptoms; CAPS–AVO-NUM, CAPS avoidant-numbing symptoms; CAPS–H-AROU, CAPS hyper-arousal symptoms; CAPS–ASSOC, CAPS associated features; IES, Impact of Event Scale; IES–TOT, IES total score; IES–INT, IES intrusion symptoms; IES–AVO, IES avoidance symptoms; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BDI–TOT, BDI total score; BDI–COG, BDI cognitive symptoms; BDI–SOM, BDI somatic symptoms; SCL-90-R, Symptom CheckList-90-Revised; SCL-90-R–GSI, SCL-90-R Global Severity Index; SCL-90-R–PST, SCL-90-R Positive Symptom Total; SCL-90-R–PSDI, SCL-90-R Positive Symptom Distress Index.