TABLE 2.
Subjective ratings for apologizing/non-apologizing opponents in Experiment 1.
| Apologizing opponent (Mean ± SD) | Non-apologizing opponent (Mean ± SD) | t-value (n = 36) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unhappy | 2.08 ± 1.32 | 2.39 ± 1.62 | –1.43 | 0.160 |
| Anger | 1.71 ± 0.98 | 1.89 ± 1.27 | –1.27 | 0.213 |
| Forgiveness | 5.76 ± 1.64 | 5.84 ± 1.50 | –0.27 | 0.791 |
| Willingness to punish | 4.13 ± 1.30 | 4.00 ± 1.27 | 0.68 | 0.500 |
| Willingness to be friend | 5.61 ± 1.29 | 5.37 ± 1.36 | 1.10 | 0.277 |
| Impression | 5.74 ± 1.13 | 5.55 ± 1.29 | 1.16 | 0.255 |
After receiving the opponents’ messages but before the active phase, the participant rated on a 7-point scale about the degree to which he/she felt on the above dimensions. For the “impression” item, 1 means “very bad”, and 7 means “very good”. For the other items, 1 means “not at all,” and 7 means “extremely strong”.