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. 2015 Jun 25;8(6):961–973. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12294

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Antitoxin SO_3165 binds to the promoter of the SO_3165–3166 operon. (A) The sequence of the promoter DNA used for EMSA (296-nt upstream of the translational start of the operon). The double underlines indicated the primers used for PCR amplification for the promoter region. The palindromic sequences are highlighted in blue, while the sequence between the two arms are highlighted in violet. (B) EMSA results demonstrating that purified SO_3165-CHis binds to the 296 bp biotin-labeled promoter DNA of SO_3165. The binding increases with the increasing concentrations of SO_3165-CHis protein. (C) Mid-log-phase cells of the indicated strains carrying the integrated reporter system (300-nt upstream of the translational start of the operon) were collected and tested for β-galactosidase activity. Error bars represent standard deviations for triplicate cultures. Asterisks represent a statistically significant difference between the wild-type and indicated mutants (P < 0.001; n = 3).