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. 2015 Oct 27;5:15054. doi: 10.1038/srep15054

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Low temperature (T = 0.1 K) simulated hysteresis loops for a hollow particle with the same dimensions as in the experiments (shell thickness of 2.5 nm) and surface and core anisotropy constants k_S = 30 K and k_C = 0.01 K. (a) M(H) curves for the total magnetization at different field sweep rates, calculated using 100, 500 and 1000 MCS to average the magnetization at every field. (b) Contributions of the spins at the inner (long dashed lines) and outer (short dashed lines) surfaces of the hollow particle to the total hysteresis loop with MCS = 1000. (c) Contribution of all surface spins to the total magnetization for the hollow NP (continuous black line) is compared to that of a solid NP with the same diameter (dashed red line). (d) The same as in panel (c) but for the interior spins contribution.