Table 2.
Haemodynamics and tissue perfusion before and after a fluid infusion, in responders and non-responders based on a ≥ 5 % increase in stroke volume to fluid infusion of 250 mL
| Responders (n = 19) | Non-responders (n = 16) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | P | Before | After | P | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 89 [78–100] | 92 [71–105] | 0.18 | 96 [82–106] | 95 [80–105] | 0.046 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 70 [45–87] | 78 [56–97] | na | 82 [65–116] | 78 [64–110] | na |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.8 [5.2–7.6]* | 7.0 [6.0–8.1] | <0.001 | 7.3 [6.6–9.9] | 7.1 [6.0–8.6] | 0.009 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.3 [2.4–3.7]† | 3.6 [3.1–4.4] | <0.001 | 4.0 [3.4–5.1] | 3.9 [3.3–4.4] | 0.009 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 72 [64–75] | 75 [70–82] | 0.001 | 74 [68–81] | 76 [69–84] | 0.16 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 64[51–75] | 72 [63–85] | 0.009 | 61 [52–82] | 63 [52–84] | 0.68 |
| Microvascular flow index (AU) | 3.3 [2.9–3.8] | 3.9 [3.0–4.0] | 0.007 | 3.2 [3.0–3.7] | 3.6 [3.0–3.8] | 0.20 |
| Functional capillary density (mm/mm2) | 15.0 [13.2–17.4] | 16.2 [15.0–17.8] | 0.030 | 16.0 [14.3–16.8] | 15.7 [15.5–18.0] | 0.24 |
| Vessel density (mm) | 10.9 [10.3–12.1] | 11.9 [11.4–13.0] | 0.006 | 11.0[10.6–13.1] | 11.6 [11.2–12.7] | 0.09 |
| Proportion of perfused vessels (%) | 96 [94–100] | 97 [96–100] | 0.06 | 99 [95–100] | 99 [96–100] | 0.14 |
| Laser Doppler flow (AU) | 115 [31–331] | 169 [36–347] | 0.030 | 270 [41–311] | 287 [123–358] | 0.50 |
| µHbSO2 (%) | 49 [26–55] | 51 [43–59] | 0.020 | 55 [38–65] | 52 [40–65] | 0.12 |
| rHb (AU) | 27 [23–33] | 31 [26–38] | 0.10 | 32 [25–37] | 3 [25–37] | 0.96 |
Median [Interquartile ranges]
µHbSO 2 microvascular haemoglobin oxygen saturation, rHb relative haemoglobin concentration, AU arbitrary units, na not applicable
* P = 0.049, † P = 0.02 before fluid challenge in responders versus non-responders; For changes in cardiac output P < 0.001; mean arterial pressure P = 0.015; pulse pressure P = 0.009; rHb P = 0.030