Table 3.
Haemodynamics and tissue perfusion before and after a fluid infusion, in responders and non-responders based on an ≥10 % increase in stroke volume to fluid infusion of 250 mL
| Responders (n = 15) | Non-responders (n = 20) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | P | Before | After | P | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 89 [78–120] | 89 [71–118] | 0.12 | 98 [82–101] | 97 [80–104] | 0.09 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 59 [43–75]* | 70 [55–97] | na | 82 [68–116] | 82 [66–116] | na |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.5 [4.7–6.6]† | 6.7 [5.9–8.0] | 0.001 | 7.5 [7.0–9.9] | 7.3 [6.5–8.6] | 0.35 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.9 [2.2–3.6]‡ | 3.4 [3.0–4.1] | 0.001 | 4.0 [3.4–5.2] | 3.9 [3.4–4.8] | 0.082 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 72 [64–75] | 77 [71–82] | 0.002 | 73 [68–81] | 75 [69–84] | 0.040 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 64 [46–74] | 71 [63–79] | 0.021 | 63 [56–82] | 64 [55–86] | 0.36 |
| Microvascular flow index (AU) | 3.2 [2.9–3.8] | 3.9 [3.0–4.0] | 0.006 | 3.2 [3.0–3.8] | 3.5 [3.0–3.8] | 0.24 |
| Functional capillary density (mm/mm2) | 15.2 [13.2–17.4] | 16.3 [15.0–17.8] | 0.046 | 15.5 [14.2–17.2] | 15.9 [15.3–18.0] | 0.14 |
| Vessel density (mm) | 11.1 [10.3–12.1] | 12.1 [11.4–13.0] | 0.019 | 10.9 [10.5–12.8] | 11.7 [10.9–12.8] | 0.032 |
| Proportion of perfused vessels (%) | 97 [94–100] | 98 [97–100] | 0.13 | 98 [93–100] | 99 [95–100] | 0.041 |
| Laser Doppler flow (AU) | 216 [31–347] | 278 [36–365] | 0.035 | 203 [41–303] | 221 [51–313] | 0.49 |
| µHbSO2 (%) | 51 [34–59] | 54 [47–61] | 0.006 | 52 [20–60] | 51 [22–64] | 0.27 |
| rHb (AU) | 27 [21–29] | 31 [26–38] | 0.030 | 32 [25–37] | 33 [25–37] | 0.60 |
Median [interquartile ranges]
µHbSO 2 microvascular haemoglobin oxygen saturation, rHb relative haemoglobin concentration, AU arbitrary unit, na not applicable
* P = 0.005, † P = 0.002, ‡ P = 0.001 responders versus non-responders before fluid challenge; for changes in cardiac output P < 0.001; mean arterial pressure P = 0.011; pulse pressure P = 0.006; µHbSO2 P = 0.024; rHb P = 0.042