Table 2.
EPS of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota strains—isolation, extraction, and purification methods
| EPS producer | The main steps during the procedure of | EPS characteristics | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolation | Purification | Solubility | Compositions | Linkage type | Mw (kDa) | ||||
| Precipitation method (supernatants/alcohol proportion v/v) | Period of dialysis against water (h) | EPS solution | Chromatographic methods | ||||||
| Ascomycota | |||||||||
| Alternaria alternate | 95 % ethanol (1/5), 16 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Nehad and El-Shamy (2010) |
| Aspergillus sp. Y16 | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | 48 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | EPS1-Man, Gal EPS2-Man, Glc |
EPS1—1 → 2;1 → 6, EPS2—1 → 3; 1 → 6 |
EPS1-15.0 EPS2-6.0 |
Chen et al. (2011) |
| Aspergillus sp. RYLF17 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 24 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Yadava et al. (2012) |
| Aspergillus versicolor | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | 48 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Glc, Man | α-1 → 6 | 500.0 | Chen et al. (2013a) |
| Aureobasidium pullulans RYLF-10 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 24 h, 4 °C | – | Water | – | – | – | – | – | Yadav et al. (2014) |
| Botryosphaeria rhodina MMLR | Absolute ethanol (1/3) | 48 | GPC | Water, 1 M NaOH | Glc | β-1 → 6 | – | Barbosa et al. (2003) and Vasconcelos et al. (2008) | |
| Botryosphaeria rhodina MMGR | Absolute ethanol (1/3) | 48 | GPC | Water, 1 M NaOH | Glc | β-1 → 6 | – | ||
| Botryosphaeria rhodina MMPI | Absolute ethanol (1/3) | 48 | GPC | Water, 1 M NaOH | Glc | β-1 → 6 | – | ||
| Botryosphaeria rhodina MMMFR | Absolute ethanol (1/3) | 48 | Water | GPC | Water, 1 M NaOH | Glc | β-1 → 3 β-1 → 6 |
– | |
| Botryosphaeria rhodina DABAC-P82 | Ethanol (1/2), 16 h, 4 °C, repeated twice | 24 | Water | GPC | Water | Glc | β-1 → 6 β-1 → 3 |
4.9 | Selbmann et al. (2003) |
| Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 | 95 % ethanol (5 ratios: 1/0.2, 1/0.4, 1/1, 1/2, 1/5) | – | – | – | – | Glc | – | EPS0.2-47,400.0 EPS0.4-47,400.0 EPS1-253,000.0 EPS2-630.0 EPS5-16.0 |
Leung et al. (2009) and Huang et al. (2013) |
| Fusarium coccophilum BCC2415 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, −20 °C | – | Water | GPC | Water | – | – | 2.8 | Madla et al. (2005) |
| Fusarium oxysporum JN604549 | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | 72 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Gal, Glc, Man | β-1 → 6 β-1 → 2 |
61.2 | Chen et al. (2015) |
| Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 48 h, 4 °C | – | Water | – | Water | – | – | – | Li et al. (2014) |
| Fusarium oxysporum Y24-2 | 95 % ethanol (1/4) | 72 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Gal, Glc | α-1 → 2 β-1 → 6 |
36.0 | Guo et al. (2010, 2013) |
| Fusarium solani SD5 | Absolute ethanol (1/5), 24 h, 4 °C | 24 | Water | GPC | Water | Gal, Rha | α-1 → 2 β-1 → 4 α-1 → 6 |
187.0 | Mahapatra and Banerjee (2012) |
| Hypocreales sp. NCHU01 | 95 % ethanol (1/4) | – | – | – | 1 M NaOH 60 °C, 1 h | – | – | – | Yeh et al. (2014) |
| Morchella crassipes | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 16 h, 4 °C | – | 0.2 M NaCl | GPC | 0.2 M NaCl | – | – | 19.6 | He et al. (2012) |
| Penicillium commune | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | 48 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Glc, Man, Gal | α-1 → 2 β-1 → 6 |
18.3 | Chen et al. (2013c) |
| Penicillium griseofulvum | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | 48 | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Man, Gal | α-1 → 2 β-1 → 5 α-1 → 6 |
20.0 | Chen et al. (2013b) |
| Penicillium vermiculatum CCM F-276 | Ethanol (1/4) repeated three times | – | Water | GPC | Water | Glc, Gal, Man | β-1 → 6 β-1 → 3 |
77.0 | Kogan et al. (2002) |
| Phoma herbarum CCFEE5080 | Absolute ethanol (1/2), 16 h, 4 °C, repeated twice | 24 | Water | GPC | Water | Glc | β-1 → 3 α-1 → 6 |
7.4 | Selbmann et al. (2002) |
| Trichoderma pseudokoningii | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 16 h, 4 °C | – | Water | IEC GPC |
Water | Rha, Xyl, Fuc, Man, Glc, Gal | – | 31.9 | Huanga et al. (2012) |
| Basidiomycota | |||||||||
| Agaricus nevoi HAI 610 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Antrodia camphorata | – | 48 | Water | GPC | Water | – | – | EPS1 < 50 EPS2 > 50 < 400 EPS3 > 400 |
Shu and Lung (2004) |
| Antrodia cinnamomea BCRC 35396 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C, repeated twice | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Lin and Sung (2006) |
| Auricularia auricula AA-2 | 95 % ethanol, 12 h, 4 °C, repeated twice | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Wu et al. (2006) |
| Clavariadelphus truncates | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Cerrena unicolor | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Cerrena maxima IBB 681 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Corpinus comatus | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Cryptococcus laurentii DSMZ 70766 | Absolute isopropanol (1/3) | – | – | – | – | Man, GlcA, Glc, Gal, Xyl | – | 2000.0 | Smirnou et al. (2014) |
| Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 24067 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), CTAB-PS | 24 | Water | – | Water | Xyl, GlcA, Man, Gal, Glc | – | 1210.0 | Frases et al. (2008) |
| Flammulina velutipes SF-06 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 24 h, 4 °C | 10 | Water | ICE GPC |
– | EPS1-Rha, Glc EPS2-Rha, Gal |
– | – | Ma et al. (2015) |
| Fomes fomentarius | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Chen et al. (2008a, b) |
| Ganderma applanatum KFRI 646 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | 72 | – | – | Water | Glc, Gal, Man, Xyl | – | EPS1-2300.0 EPS2-1038.0 | Lee et al. (2007) |
| Ganoderma carnosum | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Ganoderma lucidium UF20706 | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | HPAEC | – | Fuc, Gal, Glc, Man | 1 → 3; 1 → 4 | – | Fraga et al. (2014) |
| Ganoderma lucidum CCGMC 5.616 | 95 % ethanol (–), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | Water, NaOH (60 °C) | – | – | – | Tang and Zhang (2002) |
| Ganoderma lucidium HAI 447 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Grifola frondosa | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | GPC | 1 M NaOH (60 °C) | – | – | EPS1-390,840.0 EPS2-3097.0 |
Shih et al. (2008) |
| Inonotus levis HAI 796 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Laetiporus sulphurous | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Lentinus edodes | 95 % ethanol (1/1), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | Water (poor soluble) 0.5 % NaOH | – | – | – | Lobanok et al. (2003) |
| Lentinus strigosus | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Lenzites betulina | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Phellinus gilvus | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | Buffer, pH 6.8 | SEC/MALS | Water | Mal, Arab, Xyl, Man, Gal, Glc | – | EPS1–8 628.0 EPS2–1 045.0 EPS3–610.9 EPS4–335.5 |
Hwang et al. (2003) |
| Phellinus igniarius HAI 795 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Phellinus sp. P0988 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 4 °C | – | 2 % tannic acid | – | Water | – | – | – | Ma et al. (2014) |
| Pleurotus dryinus IBB 903 | 95 % ethanol (1/3), 12 h, 20 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
| Pleurotus pulmonarius | 95 % ethanol (1/3) | + | – | IEC | – | Man, Gal, Glc 3-O-methyl-Gal |
1 → 3; 1 → 6 | – | Smiderle et al. (2012) |
| Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB 019 | Acetone (1/3), 24 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | Man, Gal, Glc 3-O-methyl-Gal |
– | – | Telles et al. (2011) |
| Pleurotus sajor-caju | 95 % ethanol | – | HPAEC | – | Man, Gal 3-O-methyl-Gal |
1 → 6 | 64.0 | Silveira et al. (2015) | |
| Polyporus arcularius | 95 % ethanol (1/4), 12 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Demir and Yamaç (2008) |
| Trametes versicolor | Isopropanol (1/1), 24 h, 4 °C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Bolla et al. (2010) |
| Trametes versicolor IBB 897 | Absolute ethanol (1/3), 12 h | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Elisashvili et al. (2009) |
Arab, arabinose; Fuc, fucose; Gal, galactose; Glc, glucose; GlcA, glucuronic acid; Mal, maltose; Man, mannose; Rha, rhamnose; Xyl, xylose; GPC, Gel Permeation Chromatography type of Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC); HPAEC, High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography; IEC, Ion Exchange Chromatography; SEC/MALS, the combination of SEC with Multi-Angle Light Scattering Analysis (MALS); CTAB-PS, isolation of EPS by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation