Table 2.
Control | DIO | DIOcit–stat | DIOstat | DIOcit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citrulline and related amino acids | |||||
Citrulline | 49 ± 2 | 49 ± 3 | 51 ± 6 | 46 ± 2 | 84 ± 19* |
Arginine | 89 ± 5 | 94 ± 4 | 96 ± 11 | 94 ± 2 | 134 ± 22* |
Ornithine | 45 ± 4 | 35 ± 2* | 31 ± 2* | 32 ± 1* | 52 ± 7$ |
Glutamine | 538 ± 24 | 521 ± 18 | 481 ± 17 | 510 ± 22 | 472 ± 21 |
Proline | 64 ± 3 | 62 ± 6 | 53 ± 3 | 53 ± 3 | 87 ± 15* |
Branched‐chain amino acids | |||||
Valine | 242 ± 20 | 180 ± 8* | 145 ± 7* | 165 ± 5* | 195 ± 11* |
Isoleucine | 100 ± 6 | 80 ± 4* | 66 ± 4* | 79 ± 4* | 78 ± 5* |
Leucine | 185 ± 14 | 137 ± 7* | 111 ± 9* | 136 ± 7* | 133 ± 10* |
Other essential amino acids | |||||
Phenylalanine | 78 ± 4 | 66 ± 3.6* | 59 ± 3* | 63 ± 2.2* | 67 ± 3.1* |
Methionine | 54 ± 3 | 53 ± 4 | 43 ± 2 | 46 ± 2 | 56 ± 5 |
Lysine | 241 ± 7 | 251 ± 14 | 214 ± 9 | 230 ± 8 | 256 ± 18 |
Threonine | 182 ± 10 | 168 ± 13 | 144 ± 8* | 156 ± 8 | 191 ± 15* |
Histidine | 61 ± 3 | 57 ± 3 | 50 ± 2 | 55 ± 2 | 60 ± 4 |
Other non‐essential amino acidsA | |||||
Serine | 102 ± 4 | 103 ± 7 | 92 ± 4 | 93 ± 3 | 126 ± 17* |
Asparagine | 38 ± 2 | 35 ± 2 | 31 ± 1* | 33 ± 1.4y | 39 ± 2 |
Results are means ± SEM (n = 10 per group). Dietary interventions: standard diet (control), high fat–high sucrose diet (DIO) and DIO enriched in citrulline (2.5 g∙kg−1) (DIOcit), atorvastatin (10 mg∙kg−1) (DIOstat) or citrulline and atorvastatin (DIOcit–stat).
Only non‐essential amino acids significantly altered by the dietary interventions are shown.
P < 0.05, significantly different from controls;
P < 0.05, significantly different from control and other DIO groups.