Table 3.
Control | DIO | DIOcit–stat | DIOstat | DIOcit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body composition (otherwise stated, n = 5 per group) | |||||
Lean mass (g)A | 22.85 ± 0.85 | 24.07 ± 0.65 | 23.58 ± 0.59 | 22.13 ± 0.47 | 23.10 ± 0.73 |
Fat mass (g)A | 1.17 ± 0.11 | 2.51 ± 0.17* | 1.79 ± 0.12$ | 2.18 ± 0.19* | 2.34 ± 0.24* |
Liver (mg)B | 853 ± 39 | 972 ± 34 | 925 ± 12 | 1000 ± 72 | 1019 ± 51 |
Leg muscle (mg)B | 743 ± 29 | 752 ± 23 | 762 ± 4 | 728 ± 17 | 759 ± 7 |
Epidydimal fat (mg)B (n = 20 per group) | 149 ± 14 | 333 ± 97* | 254 ± 26$ | 337 ± 46* | 313 ± 28* |
Calorimetric chamber measurements (n = 4 per group) | |||||
Daily EE (kJ g−1 LM−1 day−1) | 1.31 ± 0.03 | 1.10 ± 0.06* | 1.14 ± 0.01* | 1.18 ± 0.03* | 1.20 ± 0.03* |
Daily RQ | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.03* | 0.86 ± 0.01* | 0.82 ± 0.01* | 0.85 ± 0.01* |
Plasma concentrations (n = 10 per group) | |||||
Triglycerides (g L−1) | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.04$ | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.01 |
Free fatty acids (mM) | 0.53 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.03* | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.63 ± 0.02* | 0.64 ± 0.01* |
Glucose (g L−1) | 1.31 ± 0.05 | 1.70 ± 0.10$ | 1.28 ± 0.05 | 1.32 ± 0.05 | 1.47 ± 0.10 |
Insulin (ng mL−1) | 0.50 ± 0.03 | 1.03 ± 0.12$ | 0.63 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.03 |
Results are means ± SEM. Dietary interventions: standard diet (control), high fat–high sucrose diet (DIO), and DIO enriched in citrulline (2.5 g∙kg−1) (DIOcit), atorvastatin (10 mg∙kg−1) (DIOstat) or citrulline and atorvastatin (DIOcit–stat). Leg muscle mass is the sum of the two tibialis, soleus, gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle mass; Daily EE, energy expenditure measured over 24 h; Daily RQ, respiratory quotient measured over 24 h; LM, lean mass.
Measured using EchoMRI;
Measured at death.
P < 0.05, significantly different from controls;
P < 0.05, significantly different from control and other DIO groups.