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. 2015 Oct 31;21(4):560–570. doi: 10.5056/jnm15048

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© 2015 The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Contractile responses of the circular smooth muscle. (A, B) Example traces of contractile activity in the circular muscles from the transition zone (TZ) in comparison with the controls. The muscle responded to depolarization by potassium chloride (KCl) and cholinergic stimulation by carbachol (CCh) in a concentration-dependent manner, by enhancing amplitudes of a spontaneous phasic activity and producing tonic contractions, respectively. (C, D) In the colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) colons, the circular muscles from the TZ region responded less to KCl or CCh in comparison with the proximal dilated (PD) region or region-matched controls. *P < 0.05.