Table 2. Demographic and environmental characteristics of households of pediatric shigellosis patients and of community controls, rural Bangladesh .

Characteristic	No. (%) or median ± SD (range)		p value
	Patient households, n = 27	Control households, n = 27
Demographic*
Age of child, patient or control†
0–11 mo	3 (11)	3 (11)	1.00
12–23 mo	11 (41)	11 (41)
24–35 mo	6 (22)	6 (22)
36–47 mo	6 (22)	6 (22)
48–59 mo	1 (4)	1 (4)
Female sex, patient or control†	13 (48)	13 (48)
Primary caregiver educational level‡
No formal education	2 (7)	4 (15)	0.48
Less than primary school	2 (7)	3 (11)
Completed primary school or greater	23 (86)	20 (74)
Electricity in home*	20 (74)	19 (70)	0.75
Environmental
Main source of drinking water*
Shallow tube well	16 (59)	16 (59)	1.00
Deep tube well	11 (41)	11 (41)
Households with water source Shigella positive by PCR for ipaH gene*	0	2 (7)	0.48
Households with stored water Shigella positive by culture*	2 (7)	0	0.48
Households with stored water Shigella positive by PCR*	2 (7)	1 (4)	1.00
Households with no soap observed at any surveillance visit*§	18 (67)	19 (70)	0.75
Floor type*
Earth	18 (67)	23 (85)	0.13
Concrete	9 (33)	4 (15)
Latrine type‡
Ventilated improved pit latrine	14 (52)	12 (44)	0.49
Pour flush toilet	6 (22)	6 (22)
Traditional pit latrine	6 (22)	8 (30)
No facility	1 (4)	1 (4)
Latrine area weekly fly counts¶	27 ± 20 (0–84)	16 ± 13 (0–48)	0.0014
Kitchen area weekly fly counts¶	59 ± 55 (0–216)	44 ± 48 (0–192)	0.47

*McNemar test was used for paired categorical variables. 
†All patient–control pairs were the same.
‡Friedman test was used for paired categorical variables with >2 levels. 
§Soap within 10 steps of location reported to be used for household defecation. 
¶Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for paired continuous variables.