TABLE 5.
Heterogeneity or Subgroup Analyses of Primary Studiesa
| Meta-analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lo10 | Bhandari2 | Khan (2005)9 | Khan (2010)8 | Zhao21 | Jiang6 | Wilkins20 | Soroceanu17 | van der Eng18 | |
| Statistical heterogeneity analysis | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
| Subgroup or sensitivity analysis | |||||||||
| Rerupture rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Cast immobilization alone vs cast immobilization then functional bracing in operative treatment | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Cast immobilization vs functional bracing in nonoperative treatment | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Augmented repair vs simple repair in operative treatment | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Operative vs nonoperative | |||||||||
| Patients with weightbearing initiated ≤4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Patients with weightbearing initiated >4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Patients with early ROM functional rehabilitation | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
| Patients with prolonged immobilization rehabilitation protocol | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
| Patients in only high-Jadad-score (≥4) RCTs | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| Adhesion rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients in only high-Jadad-score (≥4) RCTs | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| DVT rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Skin-related complications (other than adhesions) rate: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Disturbing scar/wound puckering rate: open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Sural nerve injury/sensibility disturbance rate: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Sensibility disturbance rate: operative vs nonoperative in patients in only high-Jadad- score (≥4) RCTs | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| Complications excluding rerupture rate | |||||||||
| Operative vs nonoperative | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Cast immobilization alone vs cast immobilization then functional bracing in operative treatment | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| All complications rate: operative vs nonoperative in patients in only high-Jadad-score (≥4) RCTs | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| Major complications rate | |||||||||
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients with weightbearing initiated ≤4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients with weightbearing initiated >4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Minor complication rate | |||||||||
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients with weightbearing initiated ≤4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients with weightbearing initiated >4 wk after treatment | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + |
| Total infection rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Deep infection rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Augmented repair vs simple repair in operative treatment | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Operative vs nonoperative in patients in only high-Jadad-score (≥4) RCTs | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| Superficial infection rate | |||||||||
| Open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Return to former level of sporting: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Sporting activity postrupture: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Time off work: open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Satisfaction: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Range of motion: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Calf circumference: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Power of plantar flexion: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Tendon width: open operative vs nonoperative | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Duration of operation: open vs percutaneous | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − |
a“+” indicates formal sensitivity or subgroup analysis was performed, “−” indicates formal sensitivity or subgroup analysis was not performed, and “0” indicates descriptive data were provided or discussed, but no analysis was performed. DVT, deep vein thrombosis; RCT, randomized controlled trial; ROM, range of motion.