TABLE 3.

Summary of Diagnosis Criteria Used for Frozen Shoulder or Shoulder Stiffness^a

Reference	Symptom Duration	Condition	Restriction of Passive Motion				TROMD
			FE	Abd	ER	IR
Zuckerman and Cuomo56	—	Significant restriction of both active and passive shoulder motion
Harryman and Lazarus16	—	Limitation of humeroscapular motion
Huberty et al19	—	Patient dissatisfaction with their ROM
Bunker6	—	Frozen shoulder is a contracture of the shoulder joint capsule
Shaffer et al44	1 mo	All restrictions		≤100°	<50% contralateral/normal
Matsen et al30	—		<90°
Mansat et al28	b		<120°
Brislin et al5	90 d	Any restriction	<100°		<10°/30°c
Hsu et al18	3 mo	<50% normal in all	≤90°	≤90°	≤25°	≤Sacral level
Ko et al23	3 mo	≥50% loss	180°d	180°d	90°d	90°d	≥270°d
Oh et al34	—	Any restriction	<120°		<30° (arm at the side)	<L3
Coghlan et al9	—	Pain + restriction ≥30°  in at least 2 planes
Parsons et al37	—	All restrictions  passively	<100°		<30°
Seo et al42	—	Any restriction	≤100°		<50% contralateral	≤Sacral level
Papalia et al36	—						0°-20°/ 25°-70°/ >70°e
Peters et al38	—	Any restriction	<110°		<25° (arm at the side)	<2nd sacral vertebral level

^aAbd, abduction; ER, external rotation; FE, flexion elevation; IR, internal rotation; ROM, range of motion; TROMD, total range of motion deficit (ie, abduction, forward flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation added together).

^bStiffness was also defined as documented at a 6-month examination time point.

^c<10° with the arm at the side, <30° with the arm in 90° of abduction.

^dNormal range of motion values.

^e0° to 20° = mild stiffness; 25° to 70° = moderate stiffness; and >70° = severe stiffness.