Figure 4.

Moving valgus stress test. This test is performed with the shoulder abducted to 75°. The examiner maximally flexes the elbow and externally rotates the shoulder and exerts a constant valgus load to the elbow as the elbow is extended quickly to 30°. The test, reported to be 100% sensitive and 75% specific, is positive when the pain generated during the examination mimics the medial elbow pain on throwing and when the pain is most significant between 120° and 70° (referred to as the shear range) as the elbow is extended. This correlates with the late cocking/early accelerations phases⁵⁰ (Video 3, available at http://sph.sagepub.com/content/by/supplemental-data).