Table S1.

Factors associated with the development of hypertension in overweight adolescents

Factors	Publication	Year	Effect in overweight adolescents
Nonmodifiable factors
Age	La Manna et al1,*	1982	Age >13 years associated with hypertension.
	Siklar et al2	2011	Older age associated with hypertension.
Sex	Koenigsberg et al3, *	2006	Hypertension more likely in males >11 years.
	La Manna et al1, *	1982	Hypertension more likely in females.
	Hannon et al4	2015	Not significant.
Ethnicity	Harding et al5, *	2008	Indian participants had higher risk of hypertension.
	Martin et al6	2015	Turkish participants had a higher risk of hypertension whereas Central European participants had a lower risk.
	Puri et al7, *	2008	African American and Caribbean Hispanic had a higher risk compared to white participants.
	Hannon et al4	2015	African American and Hispanic participants had a higher risk of hypertension compared to white participants.
Genetics	Siklar et al2	2011	ACE I/D polymorphism not significant.
	Santoro et al8	2008	The presence of certain Y2R gene variants (T allele and T585 allele) was protective for hypertension. Other Y2R gene variants (CC and CT) were associated with higher risk of hypertension.
	Souza-Costa et al9	2011	The eNOS haplotype C b Glu is associated with hypertension.
	Faienza et al10	2010	IGF2 gene variants (6815 A/T and T6815) are associated with higher risk of hypertension, IGF2 variant A6815 allele is associated with lower risk.
	Lemes et al11	2013	ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with hypertension in males only.
	Guerra et al12	2003	ApoE polymorphism not significant.
Family history of hypertension	Nishina et al13	2003	Family history of hypertension not significant.
	La Manna et al1	1982	Family history of hypertension associated with hypertension.
	Siklar et al2	2011	Family history of hypertension associated with hypertension.
Family history of diabetes	La Manna et al1	1982	Family history of diabetes associated with hypertension.
Low birth weight	Lurbe et al14, *	2009	Lower birth weight associated with higher systolic BP values.
	Strufaldi et al15	2009	Risk of hypertension significantly higher in those with both low birth weight and current obesity.
Pubertal status	Siklar et al2	2011	Participants who were pubertal or postpubertal were more likely to have hypertension.
Modifiable factors
Physical activity	Hayes et al16	2013	Physical activity did not attenuate blood pressure risk.
Cardiorespiratory fitness	Nielsen et al17	2003	BMI was a stronger predictor of hypertension in female individuals with low fitness levels. Higher fitness levels were associated with lower risk.
	Eisenmann et al18	2007	Those with both elevated BMI and low fitness had the highest levels of metabolic syndrome.
	Shaibi et al19	2005	VO2 max is not associated with any individual risk factors in overweight youth.
	Marcelino et al20	2012	High cardiorespiratory fitness is protective for hypertension in those with high body fat but not high BMI.
Sedentary behaviors	Pardee et al21	2007	Hypertension in obese children is associated with time spent watching television.
	Goldfield et al22, *	2011	In obese adolescents, time spent playing video games was independently associated with hypertension.
Sleep	Hannon et al4	2015	Lack of REM sleep is associated with hypertension.

Note:

^*Denotes studies that present effective estimates in adolescents only.

Abbreviations: ACE I/D, angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; IGF2, insulin-like growth factor; REM, rapid eye movement; VO₂ max, maximal oxygen uptake; Y2R, Y2 receptor; ApoE, apolipoprotein E.