Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the 25 functional neuroimaging data sets included in the meta-analyses
| No. (%) female | Mean age, yr | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Study | Imaging | MDD | Control | MDD | Control | Illness duration, mo | HAM-D score | Clinical details | Medication status | Quality score* |
| rCBF | ||||||||||
| Lui et al.10 | ASL | 24 (33%) | 42 (36%) | 35 | 37 | 192 | 22 | Refractory | Drug-naive | 9.5 |
| Lui et al.10 | ASL | 37 (30%) | 42 (36%) | 33 | 37 | 24 | 24 | Nonrefractory | Drug-naive | 9.5 |
| Krausz et al.8 | 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT | 10 (90%) | 10 (90%) | 49 | 50 | NA | NA | Treatment-sensitive | > 3-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Kohn et al.33 | 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT | 33 (58%) | 25 (52%) | 53 | 49 | NA | NA | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Périco et al.34 | 99mTc-ECD SPECT | 15 (80%) | 15 (60%) | 35 | 33 | 29 | 27 | — | > 4-wk washout | 8.5 |
| Skaf et al.35 | 99mTc-ECD SPECT | 9 (44%) | 12 (50%) | 41 | 34 | 127 | 35 | — | > 4-wk washout | 8 |
| Vardi et al.9 | 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT | 37 (57%) | 27 (58%) | 55 | 50 | NA | NA | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Aihara et al.36 | 18F-FDG PET | 24 (63%) | 23 (65%) | 52 | 55 | NA | NA | — | Drug-naive | 10 |
| Brody et al.37 | 18F-FDG PET | 24 (54%) | 16 (50%) | 39 | 36 | 228 | 19 | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Germain et al.39 | 18F-FDG PET | 12 (83%) | 13 (77%) | 38 | 37 | NA | NA | — | > 2-wk washout | 8.5 |
| Kennedy et al.6 | 18F-FDG PET | 13 (0%) | 24 (0%) | 36 | 32 | NA | 22 | — | > 4-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Kimbrell et al.40 | 18F-FDG PET | 38 (66%) | 37 (65%) | 43 | 43 | 322 | NA | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Saxena et al.7 | 18F-FDG PET | 27 (50%) | 17 (50%) | 38 | 33 | NA | 21 | — | > 4-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Drevets et al.38 | H215O PET | 13 (54%) | 33 (61%) | 36 | 30 | NA | NA | MDD plus first-degree relatives | > 3-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Monkul et al.41 | H215O PET | 20 (75%) | 21 (67%) | 37 | 35 | NA | NA | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Regional homogeneity | ||||||||||
| Chen et al.11 | — | 15 (40%) | 15 (47%) | 24 | 24 | 3.3 | 23 | First-episode | Drug-naive | 9.5 |
| Guo et al.42 | — | 24 (50%) | 19 (47%) | 28 | 24 | 30 | 25 | TRD | 1-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Guo et al.43 | — | 22 (46%) | 19 (47%) | 28 | 24 | 3.0 | 26 | Treatment-sensitive, first-episode | Drug-naive | 8.5 |
| Liang et al.44 | — | 16 (50%) | 16 (50%) | 36 | 35 | 28 | 26 | — | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Liu et al.12 | — | 14 (50%) | 15 (47%) | 29 | 30 | 26 | NA | First-episode | Drug-naive | 8.5 |
| Peng et al.13 | — | 16 (63%) | 16 (63%) | 34 | 34 | 3.1 | NA | First-episode | Drug-naive | 9.5 |
| Wang et al.45 | — | 14 (36%) | 14 (36%) | 33 | 34 | 6 | 26 | First-episode | Drug-naive | 9.5 |
| Wu et al.17 | — | 22 (55%) | 26 (38%) | 35 | 33 | 32 | 23 | Treatment-sensitive | 8-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Wu et al.17 | — | 22 (32%) | 26 (38%) | 35 | 33 | 103 | 22 | TRD | 8-wk washout | 9.5 |
| Yao et al.46 | — | 22 (55%) | 22 (55%) | 28 | 39 | 120 | NA | Single episode, recurrent | > 2-wk washout | 9.5 |
ASL = arterial spin labelling; HAM-D = 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MDD = major depressive disorder; NA = not available; PET = positron emission tomography; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow; SPECT = single photon emission computed tomography; TRD = treatment-resistant MDD.
*
Quality score out of 10.