Table 2.
Regional differences between medication-free patients with MDD and healthy controls in rCBF and regional homogeneity meta-analyses*
| Talairach coordinates | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
| Study type, region | x | y | z | SDM z score | p value | No. voxels | Cluster breakdown |
| rCBF | |||||||
| MDD > control | |||||||
| R thalamus, ventral anterior nucleus | 12 | −6 | 12 | 1.886 | < 0.001 | 234 | R thalamus, ventral anterior nucleus (92) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R thalamus, anterior nucleus (26) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R thalamus, ventral lateral nucleus (27) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R lentiform nucleus, putamen (60) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R lentiform nucleus, lateral globus pallidus (21) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R lentiform nucleus, medial globus pallidus (8) | |
| R caudate | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1.413 | < 0.001 | 201 | R caudate body (193) R caudate head (8) |
| R precuneus | 14 | −54 | 50 | 1.289 | 0.001 | 68 | R precuneus (68) |
| MDD < control | |||||||
| L middle frontal gyrus | −28 | 2 | 46 | −1.327 | 0.001 | 50 | L middle frontal gyrus (50) |
| R anterior cingulate | 6 | 20 | −8 | −1.788 | < 0.001 | 204 | Bilateral anterior cingualte (94) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | Bilateral subcallosal gyrus (50) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | R caudate head (26) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | Bilateral medial frontal gyrus (34) | |
| R anterior cingulate | 4 | 30 | 18 | −1.336 | 0.001 | 118 | Bilateral anterior cingulate (107) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | Bilateral cingulate gyrus (11) | |
| L insula | −44 | 12 | 2 | −1.738 | < 0.001 | 147 | L insula (147) |
| L superior temporal gyrus | −48 | 10 | −4 | −1.754 | < 0.001 | 80 | L superior temporal gyrus (80) |
| Regional homogeneity | |||||||
| MDD > control | |||||||
| L uncus | −24 | −2 | −38 | 1.286 | 0.002 | 28 | L uncus (28) |
| MDD < control | |||||||
| L insula | −44 | −26 | 14 | −1.816 | < 0.001 | 99 | L insula (43) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | L transvers temporal gyrus (45) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | L postcentral gyrus (11) | |
| L superior temporal gyrus | −50 | −30 | 4 | −1.436 | 0.004 | 86 | L superior temporal gyrus (86) |
| L parahippocampal gyrus | −28 | −42 | −10 | −1.634 | 0.001 | 73 | L parahippocampal gyrus (43) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | L culmen (24) | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | L fusiform gyrus (6) | |
FWHM = full width at half-maximum; L = left; MDD = major depressive disorder; R = right; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow; SDM = signed differential mapping.
*
Regions identified by meta-analyses of coordinates from 15 rCBF data sets and 10 regional homogeneity data sets separately (voxelwise p < 0.005 and FWHM 20 mm).