Figure 1.

Schema of conceptual ‘transgenic circuits’ to enhance plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Plants are simultaniously exposed to multiple environmental constraints. Transformation with multiple stress-functionaly-related genes such as MAP kinases may provide an efficient solution to develop sustainablly stress tolerant spieces. (A) MAP kinase trangenic circuit composed of receptor, functionally related MAP kinases (MAPKKK ◊ MAPKK ◊ MAPK genes), transcription factor and a target gene. (B) Multi-stress transgenes circuit composed of receptor, drought responsive gene, salt responsive gene, heat (or cold) responsive gene, transcription factor and target gene. Dotted arrows indicate potential crosstalk between different-stress genes. (C) The transgenes can be assembled under the control of constitutive or inducible promoter on one or multiple vectors to be targeted to chloroplasts or mitochondria.