Table 2.

Effect of once-daily milking (ODM) compared to twice-daily milking (TDM) on milk yields and on two milk protein and BAX mRNA levels in milk-purified mammary epithelial cells (MEC) or mammary biopsy in cows and goats.

				Delta yield ODM/TDM					Delta mRNA level ODM/TDM
Species	Treatment duration	n	Milk yield during TDM kg/d	Milk	Fat	Protein	Lactose	Lactose content	LALBA	CSN3	BAX	Reference
									In milk purified MEC
Cow	1 week	10	12.41	-19%∗∗∗	-13%∗	-17%∗∗∗	-22%∗∗∗	-2.3%†	-73%∗∗	-86%∗∗∗	762%∗	Boutinaud et al., 2008
Cow	1 week	4	19.11	-41%∗∗∗	-33%∗∗	-38%∗∗∗	-46%∗∗∗	-	-76%∗	-61%†	NS	Boutinaud et al., 2012
Cow	1 week	5	17.61	-31%∗∗∗	-25%∗∗	-30%∗∗∗	-32%∗∗∗	-4.2%†	-74%∗	-49%†	-	Boutinaud et al., 2014
Goat	5 weeks	8	3.1	-17%∗∗∗	-22%∗∗∗	-17%∗∗	-18%∗∗∗	NS	-88%∗	-40%†	189%∗	Ben Chedly et al., 2011
Goat	5 weeks	6	3.5	-23%∗∗∗	-20%∗	-16%∗∗	-23%	NS	-75%∗	-66%†	186%∗	Ben Chedly et al., 2013
Goat	3 weeks	10	2.5	-19%∗∗∗	-26%∗∗∗	-12%∗	-	-	-75%∗∗	-43%∗	-	Unpublished data
									In mammary biopsies
Cow	1 week	5							-100%†	-98%†	-	Boutinaud et al., 2014
Goat	5 weeks	6							-29%∗	NS	NS	Ben Chedly et al., 2013
Goat	3 weeks	10							-27%∗	-27%∗∗	-	Unpublished data

^∗∗∗P < 0.001; ^∗∗P < 0.01; ^∗P < 0.05; and ^†P < 0.10.

¹Milk Yields in udder half.