Table 3.

The taxonomic ranks in which obvious fold differences occur between pristine soil and human-, seal-, penguin-colony impacted soils.

Taxonomic rank	Name	Fold difference between soil types
		Pristine/Human	Human/Pristine	Pristine/Seal	Seal/Pristine	Pristine/Penguin	Penguin/Pristine
Phylum	Fibrobacteres	13.42*	0.07	1.17	0.86	2.87	0.07
Phylum	Cyanobacteria	11.14*	0.09	7.39*	0.14	2.68	0.09
Phylum	Thermotogae	>8.23*	–	>8.23*	–	>8.23*	–
Phylum	Deinococcus-Thermus	0.47	2.11	10.01*	0.1	1.82	2.11
Phylum	Chlorobi	0.16	6.25*	1.15	0.87	0.91	6.25*
Class	Fibrobacteria	13.42*	0.07	1.17	0.86	2.87	0.07
Class	Deinococci	0.47	2.11	10.01*	0.1	1.82	2.11
Class	Chlorobia	0.16	6.23*	1.21	0.82	0.91	6.23*
Class	Ignavibacteria	0.11	8.86*	0.19	5.25*	2.85	8.86*
Order	Chromatiales	198.01*	0.01	3.15	0.32	10.91	0.01
Family	Chromatiaceae	175.51*	0.01	3.16	0.32	10.74	0.01
Family	Hyphomonadaceae	–	>135.03*	–	–	–	>135.03*
Genus	Chamaesiphon	>234.01*	–	34.86	0.03	243.52*	–
Genus	Nitrosococcus	>175.51*	–	3.16	0.32	10.74	–
Genus	Herbaspirillum	148.26*	0.01	2.53	0.4	0.98	0.01
Genus	Rhodococcus	–	>1.8	–	>832.44*	–	>1.8
Genus	Xanthomonas	0.01	114.73*	0.13	7.87	0.14	114.73*
Genus	Hirschia	–	>122.43*	–	–	–	>122.43*
Genus	Rhodomicrobium	0.01	133.93*	0.64	1.57	0.01	133.93*
Genus	Nevskia	–	>144.03*	–	–	–	>144.03*
Species	Arthrobacter oryzae	45.7	0.02	>123.41*	–	16.05	0.25

The sequence number of each soil type was normalized to that in per 10,000 sequences. –, calculation is not available as no sequence was obtained; >, underestimated as 1 was assigned if no sequence was obtained;

^*indicating obvious fold difference >5 (phylum and class) and >100 (order, family, genus, and species).