Fig. 9.

Salt stress-induced expression of genes related to Na⁺ transport. Transcript levels of salt stress-related genes, relative to ELF1B and CYP2 expression, in the leaves of plants treated with 150mM NaCl for 0h, 4h, 1 d, and 2 d (mean ±SD, n=3). Different letters indicate significantly different values (P<0.05) by Tukey’s test; n refers to the number of biological replicates. NHX, KEA, SOS1, ERA1, and PP2C are Na⁺ transport-associated genes. NHX and SOS1 are involved in the accumulation of Na⁺ in vacuoles and in shoots, respectively. KEA is involved in regulating chloroplast function. ERA1 and PP2C function in the regulation of photosynthesis. AKT and KAT2 are K⁺ transport-associated genes, and both of them are related to K⁺ influx. CBL4, CBL3, and CBL10 are calcineurin B-like protein genes (CBLs); CIPK24 and CIPK23 are CBL-interacting protein kinase genes; all of them are Ca²⁺ transport-associated genes that may assist in Na⁺ transport regulation by Ca²⁺ concentration in the cell.