Table 1.

Impact types and examples of indicators used to evaluate collaborations between nature conservation organisations and academia

Type of impact	Indicators or changes/influences on
Social	Public engagement Cultural enrichment Quality of life enrichment
Professional practice	Innovation in products and services Adoption of digital technology
Staff/capacity building	Efficiency Performance Sustainability of businesses
Economic	Wealth creation Business revenue Attracting research and development investment
Policy	Public services Policy-making Legislation