Fig 1. Exposure of islets to IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα induces changes in H3K4me1 enrichment at cis-regulatory loci and induces de novo enhancer formation.

(A) Heatmaps of H3K4me1 read density in ±10Kb regions centered ChromHMM identified H3K4me1 enriched loci using ChIP-seq data from untreated and IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα (Cyto) treated islets. H3K4me1 read density is represented by the intensity of blue and red in the heatmaps: dark red indicates high read density while dark blue indicates low read density. The segregation of the regions into de novo regions, increased regions, unaltered regions, and decreased regions is shown on the left of the heatmaps, while the fold change (FC) of the H3K4me1 enrichment is shown on the right of the heatmaps. (B) Violin plots of the number of H3K4me1 reads (FPKM) associated with the identified H3K4me1 enriched loci in each class (de novo, increased, unaltered, decreased) in untreated (Unt) and IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα (Cyto) treated islets. (C) Distribution of the identified H3K4me1 enriched loci in each class (de novo, increased, unaltered, decreased) into different genomic features (promoters, proximal enhancers, distal enhancers, and intergenic). (D) Enrichment level (left graph) and p-values (right graph) of gene ontology (GO) terms enriched using genes associated with the identified de novo, increased, and decreased loci.