| Colorectal cancer |
Higher expression and activity in tumors, correlation with ras, association with uPA and PAI levels, CTSL levels could be of diagnostic significance |
Adenis, et al., 1995; Anestakis Doxakis, 2013; Herszenyi, et al., 1999; Sheahan, et al., 1989; Troy, et al., 2004
|
| Breast cancer |
CTSL upregulation and increased activity in high grade tumors |
Lah, et al., 1997 |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia |
Correlation with disease progression, metastatic incidence and overall survival, upregulation due to promoter hypomethylation |
Samaiya, et al., 2011 |
| Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia |
CTSL upregulation, inverse correlation with endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, positive association with key AML angiogenesis factor VEGF |
Jain, Bakhshi, Shukla, & Chauhan, 2010 |
| Melanoma |
Increased CTSL activity in melanocytic tumors compared to pigmented nevi and normal dermis |
Frohlich, et al., 2001; Kageshita, et al., 1995
|
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and gastric cancers |
Overexpression and positive correlation with c-kit expression |
Dohchin, et al., 2000; Farinati, et al., 1996; Miyamoto, et al., 2011; Watanabe, et al., 1987; Watanabe, et al., 1989
|
| Endometrial cancer |
CTSL upregulation and correlation with growth regulatory genes and HER2 receptor status |
Skrzypczak, et al., 2012 |
| Pancreatic cancer |
CTSL upregulation in tumor as well as tumor associated macrophages |
Niedergethmann, et al., 2004; Singh, et al., 2013; Sulpizio, et al., 2012
|
| Glioma |
Correlation with glioma progression with expression profile of low grade glioma < anaplastic astrocytoma < glioblastoma |
Sivaparvathi, et al., 1996 |
| Lung cancer |
Higher CTSL activity in lung cancer compared to non-malignant tissue, association with tumor grade, upregulated serum levels |
Chen, et al., 2011 |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
Overexpression in primary tumor and cervical lymph node metastases |
Xu, Yuan, Liu, Zhang, & Chen, 2009 |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
Elevated CTSL expression correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival, CTSL overexpression increases the likelihood of progression of oral dysplastic lesions into carcinomas |
Macabeo-Ong, et al., 2003; Nakashima, Yasumatsu, Masuda, Clayman, & Komune, 2012
|
