Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of Propensity Score-Matched Statin Initiators and Statin Non-initiators
| Whole Cohort |
1:1 Propensity Score Matched Cohort |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin Initiators | Statin Non-Initiators | Standardized Difference |
Statin Initiators | Statin Non-Initiators | Standardized Difference |
|||||
| n=14,985 | n=6,957 | n=5,597 | n=5,583 | |||||||
| Age | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) age, years |
67.62 | (13.2) | 73.16 | (13.8) | −0.41 | 71.96 | (12.5) | 71.64 | (14.1) | 0.02 |
| Age <45 (n, %) |
582 | (3.9) | 241 | (3.5) | 0.02 | 101 | (1.8) | 228 | (4.1) | −0.14 |
| Age 45− 54 |
2088 | (13.9) | 536 | (7.7) | 0.20 | 475 | (8.5) | 511 | (9.2) | −0.02 |
| Age 55− 64 |
3558 | (23.7) | 996 | (14.3) | 0.24 | 974 | (17.4) | 911 | (16.3) | 0.03 |
| Age 65− 74 |
3683 | (24.6) | 1450 | (20.8) | 0.09 | 1409 | (25.2) | 1219 | (21.8) | 0.08 |
| Age 75− 84 |
3519 | (23.5) | 2226 | (32.0) | −0.19 | 1733 | (31.0) | 1657 | (29.7) | 0.03 |
| Age 85+ | 1555 | (10.4) | 1508 | (21.7) | −0.31 | 905 | (16.2) | 1057 | (18.9) | −0.07 |
| Female, n (%) |
5813 | (38.8) | 3544 | (50.9) | −0.25 | 2748 | (49.1) | 2699 | (48.3) | 0.02 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||||
| White | 10543 | (70.4) | 4941 | (71.0) | −0.01 | 4085 | (73.0) | 3927 | (70.3) | 0.06 |
| Non-white | 2826 | (18.9) | 1196 | (17.2) | 0.04 | 936 | (16.7) | 1016 | (18.2) | −0.04 |
| Missing | 1616 | (10.8) | 820 | (11.8) | −0.03 | 576 | (10.3) | 640 | (11.2) | −0.03 |
| Education level, % with <college degree (mean, SD)a |
72.5 | (17.1) | 72.9 | (17.2) | −0.02 | 73.1 | (17.1) | 73.2 | (17.2) | 0.00 |
| Median family income, $ (mean, SD)a |
$61,310 | $24,920 | $59,792 | $24,462 | 0.06 | $59,753 | $25,030 | $59,894 | $25,077 | −0.01 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
70.7 | (21.2) | 63.1 | (23.2) | 0.34 | 65.5 | (21.9) | 65.1 | (23.2) | 0.02 |
| >90, n (%) |
2942 | (19.6) | 926 | (13.3) | 0.17 | 789 | (14.1) | 854.0 | (15.3) | −0.03 |
| 60-89 | 7425 | (49.6) | 2814 | (40.5) | 0.18 | 2525 | (45.1) | 2360.0 | (42.3) | 0.06 |
| 45-59 | 2722 | (18.2) | 1599 | (23.0) | −0.12 | 1208 | (21.6) | 1214.0 | (21.7) | 0.00 |
| 30-44 | 1402 | (9.4) | 1081 | (15.5) | −0.19 | 759 | (13.6) | 786.0 | (14.1) | −0.02 |
| <30 | 494 | (3.3) | 537 | (7.7) | −0.19 | 316 | (5.7) | 369.0 | (6.6) | −0.04 |
| Baseline Dipstick Proteinuriab n (%) |
||||||||||
| Negative or trace |
3202 | (21.4) | 1501 | (21.6) | −0.01 | 1240 | (22.2) | 1123 | (20.1) | 0.05 |
| 1+ and greater |
105 | (0.7) | 72 | (1.0) | −0.04 | 40 | (0.7) | 44 | (0.8) | −0.01 |
| Not tested | 11678 | (77.9) | 5384 | (77.4) | 0.01 | 4317 | (77.1) | 4416 | (79.1) | −0.05 |
| Baseline hemoglobin (g/dL) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
12.81 | (3.1) | 12.04 | (2.9) | 0.25 | 12.2 | (3.0) | 12.2 | (3.0) | 0.03 |
| ≥15.0 n, (%) |
3342 | (22.3) | 840 | (12.1) | 0.27 | 822 | (14.7) | 755 | (13.5) | 0.03 |
| 14.0-14.9 | 2386 | (15.9) | 892 | (12.8) | 0.09 | 794 | (14.2) | 760 | (13.6) | 0.02 |
| 13.0 - | 2152 | (14.4) | 1095 | (15.7) | −0.04 | 949 | (17.0) | 875 | (15.7) | 0.03 |
| 13.9 11.0- 12.9 |
2138 | (14.3) | 1652 | (23.8) | −0.24 | 1148 | (20.5) | 1232 | (22.1) | −0.04 |
| <11 | 2758 | (18.6) | 1761 | (25.3) | −0.16 | 1325 | (23.7) | 1317 | (23.6) | 0.00 |
| Not tested | 2182 | (14.6) | 717 | (10.3) | 0.13 | 559 | (10.0) | 644 | (11.5) | −0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol (g/dL) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
43.0245 | 3(18.7) | 44.04 | (21.3) | −0.05 | 43.2 | (20.2) | 43.57 | (21.3) | −0.02 |
| ≥60 n, (%) |
1482 | (9.9) | 691.00 | (9.9) | 0.00 | 535 | (9.6) | 554 | (9.9) | −0.01 |
| <60 | 8038 | (53.6) | 2743.00 | (39.4) | 0.29 | 2396 | (42.8) | 2400 | (43.0) | 0.00 |
| Not tested | 5465 | (36.5) | 3523.00 | (50.6) | −0.29 | 2666 | (47.6) | 2629 | (47.1) | 0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol (g/dL) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
132.07 | (35.0) | 114.28 | (36.2) | 0.50 | 118.9 | (35.7) | 117.87 | (35.8) | 0.03 |
| ≤200 n, (%) |
293 | (2.0) | 60 | (0.9) | 0.09 | 68 | (1.2) | 57.00 | (1.0) | 0.02 |
| 160-199.9 | 1516 | (10.1) | 262 | (3.8) | 0.25 | 256 | (4.6) | 252.00 | (4.5) | 0.00 |
| 130-159.9 | 2819 | (18.8) | 620 | (8.9) | 0.29 | 591 | (10.6) | 597.00 | (10.7) | 0.00 |
| 100-129.9 | 2753 | (18.4) | 1062 | (15.3) | 0.08 | 942 | (16.8) | 960.00 | (17.2) | −0.01 |
| 70-99.9 | 1303 | (8.7) | 873 | (12.6) | −0.13 | 672 | (12.0) | 678.00 | (12.1) | 0.00 |
| <70 | 250 | (1.7) | 275 | (4.0) | −0.14 | 174 | (3.1) | 178.00 | (3.2) | 0.00 |
| Not tested | 6051 | (40.4) | 3805 | (54.7) | −0.29 | 2894 | (51.7) | 2861.00 | (51.2) | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (g/dL) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
214.63 | (42.4) | 196.13 | (44.1) | 0.43 | 201.9 | (43.5) | 199.81 | (43.5) | 0.05 |
| ≥240 n, (%) |
2409 | (16.1) | 496 | (7.1) | 0.28 | 489 | (8.7) | 469 | (8.4) | 0.01 |
| 200-239 | 3664 | (24.5) | 1030 | (14.8) | 0.24 | 930 | (16.6) | 941 | (16.9) | −0.01 |
| <200 | 3519 | (23.5) | 2012 | (28.9) | −0.12 | 1567 | (28.0) | 1591 | (28.5) | −0.01 |
| Not tested | 5393 | (36.0) | 3419 | (49.1) | −0.27 | 2611 | (46.7) | 2582 | (46.3) | 0.01 |
| Triglycerides, n (%) |
||||||||||
| Mean (SD) |
179.67 | (132.0) | 169.26 | (132.8) | 0.08 | 173.3 | (133.0) | 171.30 | (135.8) | 0.01 |
| >=150 (%) |
4049 | (27.0) | 1237 | (17.8) | 0.22 | 1154 | (20.6) | 1093 | (19.6) | 0.03 |
| <150 | 4108 | (27.4) | 1614 | (23.2) | 0.10 | 1305 | (23.5) | 1369 | (24.5) | −0.02 |
| Not tested | 6828 | (45.6) | 4106 | (59.0) | −0.27 | 3138 | (56.1) | 3121 | (55.9) | 0.00 |
| Glucose n, (% tested) |
10199 | (68.1) | 4530 | (65.1) | 0.06 | 3504 | (62.6) | 3526 | (63.2) | −0.01 |
| Glycated hemoglobin n, (% tested) |
4105 | (27.4) | 2208 | (31.7) | −0.10 | 1760 | (31.5) | 1742 | (31.2) | 0.01 |
| Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) |
||||||||||
| n, (% tested) | 1033 | (6.9) | 479 | (6.9) | 0.00 | 383 | (6.8) | 380 | (6.8) | 0.00 |
| Medication Use Renin- angiotensin system inhibitor use, n (%) |
5217 | (34.8) | 2886 | (41.5) | −0.14 | 2222 | (39.7) | 2201 | (39.4) | 0.01 |
| Beta- blocker use, n (%) |
4612 | (30.8) | 2438 | (35.0) | −0.09 | 1942 | (34.7) | 1902 | (34.1) | 0.01 |
| Calcium channel blocker use, n (%) |
2951 | (19.7) | 1705 | (24.5) | −0.12 | 1350 | (24.1) | 1304 | (23.4) | 0.02 |
| Diuretic use, n (%) |
5730 | (38.2) | 3564 | (51.2) | −0.26 | 2615 | (46.7) | 2613 | (46.8) | 0.00 |
| Medical History, n (%) |
||||||||||
| Heart Failure |
1072 | (7.2) | 1568 | (22.5) | −0.44 | 875 | (15.6) | 880 | (15.8) | 0.00 |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery |
21 | (0.1) | 27 | (0.4) | −0.05 | 14 | (0.3) | 15 | (0.3) | 0.00 |
| Percutane ous coronary intervention |
35 | (0.2) | 37 | (0.5) | −0.05 | 23 | (0.4) | 28 | (0.5) | −0.01 |
| Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack |
145 | (1.0) | 163 | (2.3) | −0.11 | 89 | (1.6) | 100 | (1.8) | −0.02 |
| Cerebrov ascular disease |
595 | (4.0) | 667 | (9.6) | −0.22 | 391 | (7.0) | 416 | (7.5) | −0.02 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter |
559 | (3.7) | 703 | (10.1) | −0.25 | 399 | (7.1) | 397 | (7.1) | 0.00 |
| Mitral and/or aortic valvular disease |
262 | (1.7) | 309 | (4.4) | −0.16 | 186 | (3.3) | 184 | (3.6) | −0.02 |
| Peripheral arterial disease |
268 | (1.8) | 260 | (3.7) | −0.12 | 165 | (3.0) | 173 | (3.1) | −0.01 |
| Diagnosed dyslipide mia |
2431 | (16.2) | 885 | (12.7) | 0.10 | 747 | (13.4) | 744 | (13.3) | 0.00 |
| Hypertension | 8026 | (53.6) | 4067 | (58.5) | −0.10 | 3218 | (57.5) | 3170 | (56.8) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
2238 | (14.9) | 1471 | (21.1) | −0.16 | 1093 | (19.5) | 1073 | (19.2) | 0.01 |
| Diagnosed dementia |
561 | (3.7) | 608 | (8.7) | −0.21 | 370 | (6.6) | 371 | (6.7) | 0.00 |
| Diagnosed depression |
627 | (4.2) | 411 | (5.9) | −0.08 | 296 | (5.3) | 304 | (5.5) | −0.01 |
| Chronic lung disease |
2189 | (14.6) | 1443 | (20.7) | −0.16 | 1080 | (19.3) | 1038 | (18.6) | 0.02 |
| Chronic liver disease |
187 | (1.2) | 178 | (2.6) | −0.10 | 59 | (1.1) | 145 | (2.6) | −0.12 |
| Mechanical fall |
66 | (0.4) | 92 | (1.3) | −0.09 | 46 | (0.8) | 58 | (1.0) | −0.02 |
| Medical Care Utilization (mean, SD) |
||||||||||
| Count of lipid tests |
2.09 | (2.2) | 1.81 | (2.5) | 0.12 | 1.89 | (2.4) | 1.91 | (2.4) | −0.01 |
| Count of unique ICD9 diagnosis |
161.52 | (119.5) | 196.00 | (157.1) | −0.25 | 185.29 | (133.9) | 185.03 | (138.1) | 0.00 |
| Count of cardiovascular hospitalization days |
0.75 | (3.1) | 2.20 | (6.0) | −0.30 | 1.42 | (4.4) | 1.71 | (5.3) | −0.06 |
| Countof inpatient stays |
0.32 | (0.9) | 0.77 | (1.5) | −0.36 | 0.57 | (1.2) | 0.63 | (1.4) | −0.05 |
| Count of emergency department visits |
0.63 | (1.4) | 1.25 | (2.4) | −0.31 | 1.00 | (1.8) | 1.04 | (2.1) | −0.02 |
| Count of cardiology outpatient visits |
0.43 | (1.2) | 0.79 | (2.0) | −0.22 | 0.63 | (1.5) | 0.68 | (1.9) | −0.03 |
a
From 2000 census block data
b
Completely missing for one site