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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Sep 5;57:252–263. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.001

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Putative effects of nicotine on thyroid signaling through astrocytes. Nicotine binds to nAChRs on astrocytes to stimulate deiodinase 2 (D2) activity. Deiodinase 2 converts T4 to T3 in astrocytes and active thyroid hormone passively diffuses to nearby neurons. T3 binds to receptors in the nucleus of target neurons where it acts to regulate gene transcription activity. Thyroid hormone transporters with higher affinity for T4 (OATP1C1) and T3 (MCT8) are included on astrocytes and neurons, respectively.